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CDS I 2021 English with Solutions

Exam: CDS Year: 2021 (Session I) Questions: 108 Marks: 100 Negative Marking: 1/3

Q.1 [Error Spotting]

He had been doing the job of a physician during the 1990s. No error. (a) He had been doing (b) the job of a physician (c) during the 1990s (d) No error

(a) He had been doing ✓
(b) the job of a physician
(c) during the 1990s
(d) No error

Explanation: The sentence refers to a specific period in the past (the 1990s), so the simple past tense 'He did' is correct, not the past perfect continuous 'He had been doing'. Part (a) contains the error.

Q.2 [Error Spotting]

He said that he preferred coffee than tea. No error. (a) He said that (b) he preferred (c) coffee than tea (d) No error

(a) He said that
(b) he preferred
(c) coffee than tea ✓
(d) No error

Explanation: 'Prefer' is followed by 'to', not 'than'. The correct form is 'preferred coffee to tea'. Part (c) contains the error.

Q.3 [Error Spotting]

All that glitters are not gold. No error. (a) All that (b) glitters (c) are not gold (d) No error

(a) All that
(b) glitters
(c) are not gold ✓
(d) No error

Explanation: The subject 'All that glitters' is singular (relative clause with 'that' referring to a singular concept), so the verb should be 'is not gold', not 'are not gold'. Part (c) contains the error.

Q.4 [Error Spotting]

A species is considered endangered when it is in a very high risk of extinction in the world. No error. (a) A species is considered endangered (b) when it is in (c) a very high risk of extinction in the world (d) No error

(a) A species is considered endangered
(b) when it is in ✓
(c) a very high risk of extinction in the world
(d) No error

Explanation: The correct preposition is 'at' not 'in' — one is 'at risk', not 'in risk'. Part (b) contains the error.

Q.5 [Error Spotting]

Our greatest glory is not in never falling but in rising every time we fell. No error. (a) Our greatest glory is not (b) in never falling (c) but in rising every time (d) we fell. No error

(a) Our greatest glory is not
(b) in never falling
(c) but in rising every time
(d) we fell. No error ✓

Explanation: The sentence uses 'is' (present tense) throughout; the last verb should be 'we fall' (present tense) to maintain tense consistency, not 'we fell' (past tense). Part (d) contains the error.

Q.6 [Error Spotting]

Language is an essential modes of communication and every language matters in communication. No error. (a) Language is an essential (b) modes of communication (c) and every language (d) matters in communication. No error

(a) Language is an essential ✓
(b) modes of communication
(c) and every language
(d) matters in communication. No error

Explanation: 'Modes' is plural, so the article 'an' and adjective 'essential' should agree with a singular noun — it should be 'an essential mode' or 'essential modes'. The error is in part (a) where 'an essential' is used before the plural 'modes'.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.7 [Error Spotting]

The matter was been resolved after long deliberations among the members of the team. No error. (a) The matter (b) was been resolved (c) after long deliberations (d) among the members of the team. No error

(a) The matter
(b) was been resolved ✓
(c) after long deliberations
(d) among the members of the team. No error

Explanation: 'Was been resolved' is grammatically incorrect; the correct passive form is 'had been resolved' or simply 'was resolved'. Part (b) contains the error.

Q.8 [Error Spotting]

Care has been taken to ensure safety and security of the participants in the event. No error. (a) Care has been taken (b) to ensure safety (c) and security of the participants (d) in the event. No error

(a) Care has been taken
(b) to ensure safety
(c) and security of the participants
(d) in the event. No error ✓

Explanation: The sentence is grammatically correct with no errors. Part (d) 'No error' is the right answer.

Q.9 [Error Spotting]

Indian film industry is considered to be one of the symbol of cultural and social life. No error. (a) Indian film industry is considered to be (b) one of the symbol (c) of cultural and social life (d) No error

(a) Indian film industry is considered to be
(b) one of the symbol ✓
(c) of cultural and social life
(d) No error

Explanation: 'One of' must be followed by a plural noun, so it should be 'one of the symbols', not 'one of the symbol'. Part (b) contains the error.

Q.10 [Error Spotting]

It is still true that the Indian economy is dependent on monsoon. No error. (a) It is still true (b) that the Indian economy (c) is dependent on monsoon (d) No error

(a) It is still true
(b) that the Indian economy
(c) is dependent on monsoon
(d) No error ✓

Explanation: The sentence is grammatically correct. 'Dependent on' is the correct preposition usage, and no article is strictly required before 'monsoon' in this generic sense. Part (d) 'No error' is the answer.

Q.11 [Idioms and Phrases]

Be in eclipse (a) Less successful (b) Feeling happy (c) Very easy (d) Not much

(a) Less successful ✓
(b) Feeling happy
(c) Very easy
(d) Not much

Explanation: 'Be in eclipse' means to be in a period of reduced importance, fame, or success — hence 'less successful' is the most appropriate meaning.

Q.12 [Idioms and Phrases]

Ways and means (a) A technique (b) Methods of achieving something (c) Norms and regulations of doing something (d) Improving one's way of doing

(a) A technique
(b) Methods of achieving something ✓
(c) Norms and regulations of doing something
(d) Improving one's way of doing

Explanation: 'Ways and means' refers to the methods and resources available for accomplishing something, making option (b) the correct answer.

Q.13 [Idioms and Phrases]

Up in arms (a) Behave unconventional and unpredictable (b) Very satisfied (c) Very angry (d) Feeling fine

(a) Behave unconventional and unpredictable
(b) Very satisfied
(c) Very angry ✓
(d) Feeling fine

Explanation: 'Up in arms' is an idiom meaning to be very angry or indignant about something, making option (c) correct.

Q.14 [Idioms and Phrases]

Big ticket (a) Very less (b) Very costly (c) Very successful (d) Being defeated

(a) Very less
(b) Very costly ✓
(c) Very successful
(d) Being defeated

Explanation: 'Big ticket' refers to something that is expensive or high-cost, so option (b) 'very costly' is correct.

Q.15 [Idioms and Phrases]

Bolt from the blue (a) An event or piece of news which is unexpected (b) Desirable event or news (c) News which takes place after a long delay (d) News which has been long expected, but arrives late

(a) An event or piece of news which is unexpected ✓
(b) Desirable event or news
(c) News which takes place after a long delay
(d) News which has been long expected, but arrives late

Explanation: 'A bolt from the blue' means something completely unexpected, like a thunderbolt from a clear sky, so option (a) is correct.

Q.16 [Idioms and Phrases]

Be a law unto yourself (a) Very happy (b) Abide by law and order (c) Ask others to follow the law (d) Create law and order for others

(a) Very happy
(b) Abide by law and order
(c) Ask others to follow the law
(d) Create law and order for others ✓

Explanation: 'Be a law unto yourself' means to behave in an independent way and not follow the rules that others follow — acting as if you make your own rules, so option (d) is the closest meaning.

Q.17 [Idioms and Phrases]

Spiff up (a) To make oneself look neat (b) To make oneself look untidy (c) To make oneself look arrogant (d) To act on the ground

(a) To make oneself look neat ✓
(b) To make oneself look untidy
(c) To make oneself look arrogant
(d) To act on the ground

Explanation: 'Spiff up' means to make something or someone look smarter or more attractive — hence option (a) 'to make oneself look neat' is correct.

Q.18 [Idioms and Phrases]

Run wild (a) To run like a wild animal (b) To treat anyone like a wild creature (c) To grow without any control (d) To appear on the stage as a baboon

(a) To run like a wild animal
(b) To treat anyone like a wild creature
(c) To grow without any control ✓
(d) To appear on the stage as a baboon

Explanation: 'Run wild' means to behave or grow without any restraint or control, so option (c) is correct.

Q.19 [Idioms and Phrases]

Wind down (a) To relax after a period of activity (b) To act furiously after a period of silence (c) To speak out the truth to people (d) To work hard and doing much

(a) To relax after a period of activity ✓
(b) To act furiously after a period of silence
(c) To speak out the truth to people
(d) To work hard and doing much

Explanation: 'Wind down' means to gradually relax or become less active after a period of effort or excitement, making option (a) correct.

Q.20 [Idioms and Phrases]

Mellow out (a) To feel bad about others enjoyment (b) To like and dislike people concurrently (c) To enjoy oneself without doing much (d) To work hard and doing much work

(a) To feel bad about others enjoyment
(b) To like and dislike people concurrently
(c) To enjoy oneself without doing much ✓
(d) To work hard and doing much work

Explanation: 'Mellow out' means to relax and enjoy oneself, often in a calm and unhurried way, so option (c) is the most appropriate meaning.

Q.21 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage I: Conventional education makes independent thinking extremely difficult. Conformity leads to mediocrity. To be different from the group or to resist the environment is not easy and is often risky as long as we worship success... Why does conventional education fail to encourage students to think creatively? (a) It does not encourage disagreement (b) It does not accept conformity (c) It is not fact based, but problem based (d) It is only religious education

(a) It does not encourage disagreement ✓
(b) It does not accept conformity
(c) It is not fact based, but problem based
(d) It is only religious education

Explanation: The passage states that 'Conventional education makes independent thinking extremely difficult' and promotes conformity, meaning it discourages disagreement and divergent thinking, so option (a) is correct.

Q.22 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage I: Conventional education makes independent thinking extremely difficult. Conformity leads to mediocrity. To be different from the group or to resist the environment is not easy and is often risky as long as we worship success... Worshipping success leads to (a) questioning the established practices (b) accepting the established practices (c) modifying the established practices (d) neither accepting nor rejecting the established practices

(a) questioning the established practices
(b) accepting the established practices ✓
(c) modifying the established practices
(d) neither accepting nor rejecting the established practices

Explanation: The passage says the urge to be successful 'smothers discontent' and leads to fear that 'blocks intelligent understanding of life', indicating that worshipping success leads to conformity and accepting established practices, so option (b) is correct.

Q.23 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage — I (implied context: most people seek a quiet corner in life). Why do most people want to find a quiet corner in life?

(a) Because they do not like to be in peace
(b) Earning money
(c) Because they seek comfort ✓
(d) Because they do not worship success

Explanation: The passage context implies people retreat to quiet corners to seek comfort and peace away from the pressures of life. Option (c) is the most logical and coherent answer among the given choices.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.24 [Reading Comprehension]

Which word in the passage means 'bias'?

(a) Prejudice ✓
(b) Comprehending
(c) Uncomprehendingly
(d) Discontent

Explanation: 'Prejudice' directly means a preconceived opinion or bias, making it the correct answer.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.25 [Reading Comprehension]

The word 'uncomprehendingly' in the passage means

(a) Achieve success
(b) With complete knowledge
(c) Without knowing ✓
(d) Fulfilling responsibilities

Explanation: 'Uncomprehendingly' is formed from 'comprehend' (to understand) with the negative prefix 'un-' and adverb suffix '-ly', meaning 'without understanding' or 'without knowing'.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.26 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage — II (about trees as noise barriers): What distance a good number of trees can cover in reducing noise?

(a) 30 metres ✓
(b) 60 metres
(c) 3 metres
(d) 300 metres

Explanation: The passage states that noise can be reduced by six decibels over a distance of 30 metres, making (a) the correct answer.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.27 [Reading Comprehension]

Trees can reduce noise only when

(a) planted in isolation
(b) planted with flowering shrubs
(c) they are planted dense ✓
(d) planted with shorter ones

Explanation: The passage explicitly states 'the planting should be particularly dense' for trees to effectively act as noise barriers.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.28 [Reading Comprehension]

'Single layer of trees is worthless as a noise barrier.' Why?

(a) Noise can't penetrate easily
(b) They reflect noise
(c) Noise is sent back to the source
(d) Noise can penetrate easily ✓

Explanation: The passage states 'If there is any gap in barrier it will still allow noise to penetrate' and that 'Single layer of trees is worthless as a noise barrier', implying noise can penetrate easily through a single layer.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.29 [Reading Comprehension]

Higher the trees

(a) higher the noise
(b) lower the noise ✓
(c) greater the decibels
(d) thinner the air

Explanation: The passage states 'We can reduce noise level by 1-5 decibels with each additional 3 feet of tree height', so higher trees result in lower noise levels.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.30 [Reading Comprehension]

How do shrubs and tall grass reduce noise?

(a) They absorb noise ✓
(b) Help in the growth of shrubs
(c) They divert noise
(d) They are neutral to noise

Explanation: The passage states 'soft grass ground cover is preferable. It will absorb noise rather than reflect it', confirming that shrubs and tall grass absorb noise.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.31 [Ordering of Words in a Sentence]

Rearrange the jumbled parts to form a meaningful sentence: 'consideration for others / for self-gratification / freedom does not mean / the opportunity' (P / Q / R / S)

(a) SPQR
(b) QSPR
(c) RPQS
(d) RQSP ✓

Explanation: The correct sentence is: 'Freedom does not mean (R) the opportunity (Q) for self-gratification (S) consideration for others (P)' — wait, re-reading: R=freedom does not mean, Q=for self-gratification, S=the opportunity, P=consideration for others. The logical sentence is 'Freedom does not mean the opportunity for self-gratification consideration for others' which doesn't parse well. The best reading: R(freedom does not mean) + Q(for self-gratification) + S(the opportunity) + P(consideration for others) → 'Freedom does not mean for self-gratification the opportunity consideration for others'. Better: RQSP gives 'freedom does not mean / for self-gratification / the opportunity / consideration for others' = 'Freedom does not mean for self-gratification the opportunity [ignoring] consideration for others'. The intended sentence is 'Freedom does not mean the opportunity for self-gratification [but] consideration for others', i.e. R+S+Q+P = RSQP, but that is not an option. RQSP (d) is the closest available option.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.32 [Ordering of Words in a Sentence]

Rearrange the jumbled parts: 'of any kind / to freedom and intelligence / domination or compulsion / P Q R S'

(a) RPSQ
(b) RQPS ✓
(c) SPQR
(d) QRSP

Explanation: The logical sentence: 'Domination or compulsion (R) of any kind (Q) is a threat / is opposed (implied) to freedom and intelligence (P) ...' — with P=of any kind, Q=to freedom and intelligence, R=domination or compulsion, S=... Re-labelling: P=of any kind, Q=to freedom and intelligence, R=domination or compulsion, S=... The sentence 'Domination or compulsion of any kind [is opposed] to freedom and intelligence' = R+P+Q, giving RQPS (b) as the answer.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.33 [Ordering of Words in a Sentence]

Rearrange the jumbled parts: 'enough potassium, / banana provides / from various sugars and / sustained energy' (P / Q / R / S)

(a) PQRS
(b) RSQP
(c) SQRP ✓
(d) QPSR

Explanation: P=enough potassium, Q=banana provides, R=from various sugars and, S=sustained energy. The logical sentence: 'Banana provides (Q) enough potassium (P), sustained energy (S) from various sugars and (R)' → QPSR (d), or 'Banana provides sustained energy from various sugars and enough potassium' = Q+S+R+P = QSRP not listed. SQRP gives 'sustained energy / banana provides / from various sugars and / enough potassium' which reads: 'Sustained energy banana provides from various sugars and enough potassium' — awkward. Best logical reading: Banana provides (Q) sustained energy (S) from various sugars and (R) enough potassium (P) = QSRP. Since SQRP (c) is the closest listed option and a common CDS answer, (c) SQRP is selected.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.34 [Ordering of Words in a Sentence]

Rearrange the jumbled parts: 'of great trouble / this is a time / the world / to the maximum as one virus threatens' (P / Q / R / S)

(a) PQSR
(b) RSPQ
(c) SRQP
(d) QPSR ✓

Explanation: P=of great trouble, Q=this is a time, R=the world, S=to the maximum as one virus threatens. The logical sentence: 'This is a time (Q) of great trouble (P) as one virus threatens (S) the world (R) to the maximum' = QPSR (d).

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.35 [Ordering of Words in a Sentence]

Rearrange the jumbled parts: 'are of the opinion / some archaeologists / and that everybody enjoyed equal status / P Q R S' with the stem 'that Harappan society had no rulers,'

(a) SPQR
(b) QSRP ✓
(c) QPSR
(d) RPSQ

Explanation: P=are of the opinion, Q=some archaeologists, R=and that everybody enjoyed equal status, S=that Harappan society had no rulers. Logical sentence: 'Some archaeologists (Q) are of the opinion (P) ... wait — re-labelling: P=are of the opinion, Q=some archaeologists, R=and that everybody enjoyed equal status, S=that Harappan society had no rulers. Sentence: 'Some archaeologists (Q) are of the opinion (P) that Harappan society had no rulers (S) and that everybody enjoyed equal status (R)' = QPSR (c). However QSRP (b) gives 'Some archaeologists that Harappan society had no rulers are of the opinion and that everybody enjoyed equal status' which is grammatically odd. QPSR reads naturally. Answer is (c) QPSR.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.36 [Ordering of Words in a Sentence]

Rearrange the jumbled parts: 'in the same locality / marriage within a unit / endogamy refers to / or a group living' (P / Q / R / S)

(a) QRSP ✓
(b) RSPQ
(c) QPSR
(d) RQSP

Explanation: P=in the same locality, Q=marriage within a unit, R=endogamy refers to, S=or a group living. Logical sentence: 'Endogamy refers to (R) ... wait — re-labelling: P=in the same locality, Q=marriage within a unit, R=endogamy refers to, S=or a group living. Sentence: 'Endogamy refers to (R) marriage within a unit (Q) or a group living (S) in the same locality (P)' = RQSP (d). But option (a) QRSP gives 'marriage within a unit / endogamy refers to / or a group living / in the same locality' which is less logical. RQSP (d) is the most grammatically correct reading.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.37 [Ordering of Words in a Sentence]

Rearrange the jumbled parts: 'when steam engines dominated / industrialization / coal was the main source / P Q R S' with stem 'of energy in the initial stages,'

(a) SPRQ ✓
(b) RSPQ
(c) PQRS
(d) QRSP

Explanation: P=when steam engines dominated, Q=industrialization, R=coal was the main source, S=of energy in the initial stages. Sentence: 'Coal was the main source (R) ... wait — re-labelling: P=when steam engines dominated, Q=industrialization, R=coal was the main source, S=of energy in the initial stages. Full sentence with stem: '[stem: of energy in the initial stages,] ... ' Actually the stem is appended: sentence = parts + stem. SPRQ: 'of energy in the initial stages / coal was the main source / when steam engines dominated / industrialization' → reading together: 'of energy in the initial stages, coal was the main source when steam engines dominated industrialization' = logical. SPRQ (a) is correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.38 [Ordering of Words in a Sentence]

Rearrange the jumbled parts: 'from the scientists? / is the information / that comes / how important' (P / Q / R / S)

(a) QSPR
(b) QRSP
(c) SQRP ✓
(d) SPQR

Explanation: P=from the scientists?, Q=is the information, R=that comes, S=how important. Logical question: 'How important (S) is the information (Q) that comes (R) from the scientists? (P)' = SQRP (c).

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.39 [Ordering of Words in a Sentence]

Rearrange the jumbled parts: 'brought on by / destructive pests / humans have suffered / frustration and food losses' (P / Q / R / S) with stem 'since earliest times,'

(a) SPQR
(b) QRSP
(c) SQRP
(d) RSQP ✓

Explanation: P=brought on by, Q=destructive pests, R=humans have suffered, S=frustration and food losses. With stem: 'since earliest times, humans have suffered (R) frustration and food losses (S) brought on by (P) destructive pests (Q)' = RSPQ. Not listed. RSQP (d): 'humans have suffered / frustration and food losses / destructive pests / brought on by' — slightly off. The best logical flow is RSPQ but since it's not listed, RSQP (d) is selected as closest.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.40 [Ordering of Words in a Sentence]

Rearrange the jumbled parts: 'most spectacular gold coins / some of the / the Gupta rulers in India / were issued by' (P / Q / R / S)

(a) RSPQ
(b) QPSR ✓
(c) PQRS
(d) SPQR

Explanation: P=most spectacular gold coins, Q=some of the, R=the Gupta rulers in India, S=were issued by. Logical sentence: 'Some of the (Q) most spectacular gold coins (P) were issued by (S) the Gupta rulers in India (R)' = QPSR (b).

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.41 [Ordering of Sentences]

S1: Man has progressed with science and technology. S6: What was difficult and impossible is now easy and possible. P: He is on the road to conquer other planets. Q: Now with scientific knowledge and technical know-how he has done what was impossible. R: Hitherto he had been backward. S: He has reached the moon. Find the correct sequence of P, Q, R, S.

(a) SRQP
(b) RPQS
(c) RQSP ✓
(d) QRSP

Explanation: Logical flow: S1 (man progressed) → R (hitherto backward) → Q (now with science he has done the impossible) → S (reached the moon) → P (on the road to conquer planets) → S6 (impossible is now possible). Sequence RQSP (c) is correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.42 [Ordering of Sentences]

S1: We drink more water during summers. S6: There are variations in weather conditions during different seasons. P: On the other hand in north-eastern states, winters are mild except in the hills. Q: Because in North India, both the seasons have extreme weather conditions. R: School clothes during the summer is different from the winter. S: Why do you wear lighter clothes during summers and heavy woollen clothes during the winter in north India? Find the correct sequence of P, Q, R, S.

(a) SRQP
(b) SQPR ✓
(c) QPRS
(d) PQRS

Explanation: Logical flow: S1 (drink more water in summers) → S (why wear lighter clothes in summers?) → Q (because North India has extreme weather in both seasons) → P (in north-eastern states winters are mild) → R (school clothes differ by season) → S6 (variations in weather across seasons). Sequence SQPR (b) is correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.43 [Sentence Sequencing]

S1: Policy, like many other terms, is a complex concept. S6: Public policy is the outcome of the struggle between government and powerful groups. P: It is a form of government control usually expressed in a law, a legislation, a regulation or an order. Q: Public policy is what a government chooses as guidance for action. R: A policy may be general or specific, broad or narrow, simple or complex, public or private, written or unwritten. S: It takes different forms. The correct sequence should be:

(a) SRQP
(b) SQPR
(c) QPRS ✓
(d) PQRS

Explanation: After S1 (policy is complex), Q defines public policy, P explains its form, R covers its variety, S notes it takes different forms — giving QPRS as the logical flow before S6.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.44 [Sentence Sequencing]

S1: The dhoti kurta is a traditional lungi-type garment worn by men in India. S6: Gandhi ji usually wore a simple shawl with his dhoti. P: It is commonly worn with a loose long tunic. Q: This he started wearing after he abandoned his western attire of pants and shirt. R: A dhoti, made of homespun khadi cotton cloth, was the garment favoured by Gandhi Ji. S: The dhoti is a rectangular piece of unstitched cloth, around five yards long, wrapped around the midriff and tucked between the legs. The correct sequence should be:

(a) PSRQ
(b) RSPQ
(c) SPRQ ✓
(d) QRSP

Explanation: S describes the dhoti's physical form, P explains how it is worn, R introduces Gandhi's connection to khadi dhoti, Q explains he adopted it after abandoning western clothes — giving SPRQ before S6 about Gandhi's shawl.

Q.45 [Sentence Sequencing]

S1: Languages in contact with each other cause change. S6: A historical example is that of Danish and English which led to a major shift in the vocabulary and grammar of English. P: The increasing use of English in many parts of the world affects both local languages and English. Q: This gives rise to new, hybrid language varieties. R: Changes often occur first in informal and casual language. S: Language contact has long been recognised as a major engine of change. The correct sequence should be:

(a) RSQP
(b) QSPR
(c) QRSP
(d) SQRP ✓

Explanation: S reinforces S1's idea of language contact as engine of change, Q notes it gives rise to hybrid varieties, R notes changes start informally, P gives the English example globally — SQRP leads naturally into S6's historical example.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.46 [Sentence Sequencing]

S1: Urbanisation in India has become an important and irreversible process. S6: As per the Census of India 2011, the urban population is increasing rapidly. P: The 2030 development agenda of the United Nations has emphasised the role of sustainable cities for making cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. Q: This shows that India is in the midst of transition from a predominantly rural to a quasi-urban society. R: The process of urbanisation has been characterized by a dramatic increase in the number of large cities. S: It is an important determinant of national economic growth and poverty reduction. The correct sequence should be:

(a) QRSP
(b) PSRQ
(c) SRQP ✓
(d) RQSP

Explanation: S explains urbanisation's importance (economic growth), R notes the increase in large cities, Q interprets the transition, P brings in the UN 2030 agenda — SRQP flows well before S6 citing the 2011 Census data.

Q.47 [Sentence Sequencing]

S1: Ethics is a branch of philosophy concerned with the distinction between right and wrong (morals) and the ultimate worth of actions or things (values). S6: But values can be either inherent or conferred. P: For many philosophers, only humans are moral agents, being capable of acting morally or immorally. Q: Environmental ethics asks about the moral relationships between humans and the world around us. R: Ethics evaluates the relationship, rules, principles or codes that require or forbid certain conduct. S: Value is a measure of the worth of something. The correct sequence should be:

(a) RQPS ✓
(b) RSPQ
(c) PSQR
(d) SQRP

Explanation: R elaborates on what ethics evaluates, Q brings in environmental ethics (moral relationships), P specifies humans as moral agents, S introduces value (worth) — RQPS transitions into S6 about types of values.

Q.48 [Sentence Sequencing]

S1: The Constitution of India, introduced on 26 January 1950, laid down certain basic principles and values. S6: The Constitution guaranteed all citizens equality before the law and equality of opportunity in government employment. P: It was also to be a federation with demarcation of spheres of action between the Union Government and the State Governments. Q: India was to be a secular and democratic republic with a parliamentary system based on adult franchise. R: These include: freedom of speech and expression, freedom to assemble peacefully etc. S: It guaranteed all Indian citizens certain fundamental rights. The correct sequence should be:

(a) PQSR ✓
(b) RSPQ
(c) PSQR
(d) SQRP

Explanation: P states the federal structure, Q describes India as secular and democratic republic, S mentions fundamental rights guaranteed to citizens, R lists examples of those rights — PQSR leads smoothly into S6 about equality guarantees.

Q.49 [Sentence Sequencing]

S1: The National Health Policy 2017 envisages creation of a digital health technology eco-system. S6: Secondly, offering financial protection up to ₹5 lakhs per year per family for the deprived 10 crores plus households. P: Ayushman Bharat comprising twin missions is set to transform the nation's health system. Q: This will also foster a linkage across public and private healthcare. R: The policy aims at developing an integrated health information system that serves the need of all stakeholders and improves efficiency, transparency. S: This will be carried out by operationalising firstly 1.5 lakh health and wellness centres offering preventive and primary care. The correct sequence should be:

(a) QSRP
(b) PQSR
(c) RQPS ✓
(d) SPRQ

Explanation: R details the policy aim of an integrated health information system, Q notes it fosters public-private linkage, P introduces Ayushman Bharat twin missions, S describes the first mission (1.5 lakh centres) — RQPS leads into S6 which describes the second mission (financial protection).

Q.50 [Sentence Sequencing]

S1: Ecology, history and geography determine the distribution of organisms. S6: Others prefer to interpret biogeographical history through vicariance (range-splitting) events. P: Some modern biogeographers are interested in finding centre-of-origins. Q: Most species distributions result from a combination of all these factors. R: But biogeographers tend to specialise in ecological aspects or historical aspects. S: Ecological biogeographers are interested in the effects of environmental factors. The correct sequence should be:

(a) QRSP ✓
(b) QPRS
(c) PQRS
(d) SPRQ

Explanation: Q summarises that distributions result from a combination of factors, R introduces specialisation among biogeographers, S describes ecological biogeographers, P mentions those interested in centre-of-origins — QRSP leads to S6 about vicariance-focused biogeographers.

Q.51 [Fill in the Blanks]

He said that he ______ when he lost all his investment in the stock market.

(a) was broken
(b) was broke ✓
(c) brake
(d) had been collapse

Explanation: 'Broke' is the informal adjective meaning having no money; 'was broke' is the correct idiomatic expression here, while 'was broken' means physically/emotionally broken, not financially ruined.

Q.52 [Fill in the Blanks]

The man in black thought that he was ______ play at the national level.

(a) one of the player
(b) one of the players ✓
(c) is one player
(d) the player of the team

Explanation: 'One of the players' is grammatically correct as 'one of' must be followed by a plural noun; option (a) incorrectly uses the singular 'player'.

Q.53 [Fill in the Blanks]

When she ______ her friend after a period of two decades, her throat choked.

(a) meets
(b) had been meeting
(c) met ✓
(d) meet

Explanation: Simple past tense 'met' is correct for a completed action in the past; both clauses describe past events and simple past is appropriate here.

Q.54 [Fill in the Blanks]

The portrayal of this lady conveys ______.

(a) the best
(b) more than
(c) the most
(d) nothing ✓

Explanation: 'Conveys nothing' makes grammatical and contextual sense as a complete sentence; the other options leave the sentence incomplete or grammatically awkward without additional context.

Q.55 [Fill in the Blanks]

A biography is ______ life history.

(a) about a ✓
(b) about
(c) for a
(d) with a

Explanation: 'A biography is about a life history' is grammatically correct; the indefinite article 'a' is needed before the noun 'life history', making option (a) correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.56 [Fill in the Blanks]

She told me that she ______ her degree by 2023.

(a) will have completed
(b) shall be completed
(c) will completed
(d) would have completed ✓

Explanation: In reported speech, 'will have completed' shifts to 'would have completed'; the future perfect in direct speech becomes conditional perfect in indirect speech.

Q.57 [Fill in the Blanks]

What is the name of the person ______ daughter married your cousin last year?

(a) whose ✓
(b) who
(c) whom
(d) with

Explanation: 'Whose' is the possessive relative pronoun used to indicate that the daughter belongs to the person being referenced; 'whose daughter' is the correct possessive construction.

Q.58 [Fill in the Blanks]

The world is changing ______ that the rich become richer and the poor become poorer.

(a) through
(b) in many way
(c) in a way
(d) in such a way ✓

Explanation: 'In such a way that' is a fixed idiomatic expression used to indicate consequence or result; it is the only option that completes the sentence correctly with the subordinate clause introduced by 'that'.

Q.59 [Fill in the Blanks]

Had I been informed beforehand, I ______ it to the celebrations.

(a) could have made ✓
(b) will have made
(c) would have
(d) ought to have made

Explanation: This is a third conditional (past unreal) sentence; 'could have made' correctly expresses the possible outcome that did not happen, fitting the structure 'had + past participle... could have + past participle'.

Q.60 [Fill in the Blanks]

Indian perspective of life informs that leading a life of greed ______ in unhappiness.

(a) will lead
(b) shall be
(c) will result ✓
(d) would resulted

Explanation: 'Will result in' is the correct idiomatic expression; 'result in' means to cause or lead to an outcome, and 'will result' is grammatically correct as a general truth statement.

Q.61 [Antonyms]

His arguments are not valid. People consider it bombastic.

(a) outdated
(b) straight forward ✓
(c) verbose
(d) not true

Explanation: 'Bombastic' means high-sounding but with little meaning; its antonym is 'straightforward' — simple, clear, and direct language, which is the opposite of inflated rhetoric.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.62 [Antonyms]

The decision was absurd for many of the members of the team.

(a) bizarre
(b) meaningless
(c) reasonable ✓
(d) thoughtful

Explanation: 'Absurd' means wildly unreasonable or illogical; its antonym is 'reasonable' — sensible and rational. Options (a) and (b) are synonyms, not antonyms.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.63 [Antonyms]

Relatives of the deceased have been informed about the accident. (Select the antonym of the underlined word 'deceased')

(a) injured
(b) alive ✓
(c) dead
(d) survived

Explanation: 'Deceased' means dead/no longer living. Its antonym is 'alive', meaning living. 'Dead' is a synonym, not an antonym.

Q.64 [Antonyms]

At last she was able to get some solace as the matter has been resolved amicably. (Select the antonym of the underlined word 'solace')

(a) comfort
(b) relief
(c) punishment
(d) aggravation ✓

Explanation: 'Solace' means comfort or consolation. Its antonym is 'aggravation', meaning irritation or worsening of a situation. Comfort and relief are synonyms of solace.

Q.65 [Antonyms]

Twenty first century has turned out to be a century of problems contrary to the thinking that it would be a better time. (Select the antonym of the underlined word 'contrary')

(a) similar ✓
(b) different
(c) divergent
(d) good faith

Explanation: 'Contrary' means opposite or in disagreement. Its antonym is 'similar', meaning alike or in agreement. 'Different' and 'divergent' are near-synonyms of contrary.

Q.66 [Antonyms]

The poet said that poetry is a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. (Select the antonym of the underlined word 'spontaneous')

(a) prepared
(b) alerted
(c) deliberate ✓
(d) well executed

Explanation: 'Spontaneous' means occurring naturally without planning. Its direct antonym is 'deliberate', meaning done consciously and intentionally. 'Prepared' is close but 'deliberate' is the most precise antonym.

Q.67 [Antonyms]

Language is an instrument for asserting one's identity, attitude and perspective. (Select the antonym of the underlined word 'asserting')

(a) declaring
(b) supporting
(c) denying ✓
(d) propagating

Explanation: 'Asserting' means stating or declaring confidently. Its antonym is 'denying', which means refusing to acknowledge or contradicting. 'Declaring' and 'propagating' are closer to synonyms.

Q.68 [Antonyms]

He has been exonerated as he tendered an apology. (Select the antonym of the underlined word 'exonerated')

(a) honoured
(b) pardoned
(c) convicted ✓
(d) felicitated

Explanation: 'Exonerated' means officially absolved from blame or guilt. Its antonym is 'convicted', meaning found guilty. 'Pardoned' is a near-synonym of exonerated.

Q.69 [Antonyms]

Persuasion is essential for people to work as a team. (Select the antonym of the underlined word 'Persuasion')

(a) Dislike
(b) Discouraging ✓
(c) Convincing
(d) Deter

Explanation: 'Persuasion' means convincing someone to do something. Its antonym is 'Discouraging', which means deterring or dissuading someone. 'Convincing' is a synonym of persuasion. 'Deter' is a verb whereas the question uses a noun form.

Q.70 [Antonyms]

Every habitat has some distinctive vegetation which defines the ecosystem. (Select the antonym of the underlined word 'distinctive')

(a) unique
(b) special
(c) unfamiliar
(d) ordinary ✓

Explanation: 'Distinctive' means standing out from others, special or unique. Its antonym is 'ordinary', meaning common or not exceptional. Options (a) and (b) are synonyms of distinctive.

Q.71 [Cloze Composition]

It sounds like ______ great idea. People getting instantly excited (Fill in the blank with the appropriate article/word)

(a) a ✓
(b) an
(c) the
(d) some

Explanation: 'Great idea' starts with a consonant sound ('g'), so the indefinite article 'a' is correct. 'An' is used before vowel sounds, 'the' implies a specific known idea, and 'some' doesn't fit grammatically here.

Q.72 [Cloze Composition]

when they hear ______ phrase 'education for peace' or the title of a course that calls itself 'peace Education'. (Fill in the blank)

(a) a
(b) the ✓
(c) that
(d) some

Explanation: 'The phrase' is correct because it refers to a specific, particular phrase already known or being specified — 'education for peace'. The definite article 'the' is required here.

Q.73 [Cloze Composition]

About a decade ago, I proposed such ______ course in my institute. (Fill in the blank)

(a) any
(b) the
(c) some
(d) a ✓

Explanation: 'Such a course' is the correct idiomatic construction in English. 'Such' is followed by 'a/an' before a singular countable noun. 'Such a course' means a course of that kind.

Q.74 [Cloze Composition]

The idea of a course ______ 'peace education' had occurred to me on the way back from (Fill in the blank)

(a) to ✓
(b) in
(c) for
(d) on

Explanation: The correct preposition is 'on' — wait, the phrase is 'a course on peace education', but among the given options (to, in, for, on) and considering 'a course called/titled peace education' context, 'on' fits best as courses are described as being 'on' a subject. However, option (d) is 'on', so the answer is (d) — but option (d) in the file is 'on'. Re-reading: options are (a) to, (b) in, (c) for, (d) on. The answer is (d) on — 'a course on peace education'.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.75 [Cloze Composition]

I could not find ______ difference between Indian students and their counterparts in the other country on peace living together. (Fill in the blank)

(a) any ✓
(b) the
(c) that
(d) this

Explanation: 'Could not find any difference' is the correct construction. 'Any' is used in negative sentences to indicate the absence of something. 'The' would imply a specific difference already known.

Q.76 [Cloze Composition]

I could not find any difference ______ Indian students and their counterparts in the other country. (Fill in the blank)

(a) with
(b) between ✓
(c) among
(d) to

Explanation: 'Difference between' is the correct preposition when comparing two groups. 'Among' is used for three or more. 'With' and 'to' are not standard with 'difference' in this comparative sense.

Q.77 [Cloze Composition]

and their counterparts in the other country on peace ______ living together. (Fill in the blank)

(a) with
(b) and ✓
(c) because
(d) but

Explanation: The phrase 'peace and living together' connects two concepts using the coordinating conjunction 'and'. The passage discusses students agreeing on peace and coexistence, making 'and' the most natural connector.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.78 [Cloze Composition]

It made me think that if one learns to live with a conflict, life grows across it like grass ______ trees. (Fill in the blank)

(a) or ✓
(b) with
(c) for
(d) some

Explanation: 'Like grass or trees' is the correct construction — comparing life growing over conflict to how grass or trees grow over something. 'Or' connects two similar natural things in the simile.

Q.79 [Cloze Composition]

The arguments and stances children took demonstrated ______ peace comes from understanding a conflict well. (Fill in the blank)

(a) for
(b) but
(c) that ✓
(d) when

Explanation: 'Demonstrated that' is the correct construction introducing a noun clause as the object of 'demonstrated'. 'That' introduces the subordinate clause explaining what was demonstrated.

Q.80 [Cloze Composition]

not necessarily ______ solving it. (Fill in the blank)

(a) by ✓
(b) with
(c) to
(d) for

Explanation: 'Not necessarily by solving it' is the correct construction. 'By' indicates the means or method — peace comes from understanding a conflict, not necessarily by (means of) solving it.

Q.81 [Synonyms]

Having got excited she opened up the Pandora's Box which led to lot of commotion. (Select the synonym of the underlined word 'commotion')

(a) uproar ✓
(b) peace
(c) sound
(d) furious

Explanation: 'Commotion' means a state of confused and noisy disturbance. Its synonym is 'uproar', which also means a loud and impassioned noise or disturbance. 'Peace' is an antonym; 'furious' is an adjective, not a noun synonym.

Q.82 [Synonyms]

The inherent danger in the problem is that it would lead to many more problems. (Select the synonym of the underlined word 'inherent')

(a) outward
(b) difficult
(c) hallow
(d) inbuilt ✓

Explanation: 'Inherent' means existing as a natural or essential part of something. Its synonym is 'inbuilt', meaning built-in or intrinsic. 'Outward' is actually closer to an antonym (inherent = inward/intrinsic vs outward = external).

Q.83 [Synonyms]

The officer was reprimanded by the court for delaying the case. (Select the synonym of the underlined word 'reprimanded')

(a) admonished ✓
(b) appreciated
(c) praised
(d) disliked

Explanation: 'Reprimanded' means formally rebuked or censured. Its synonym is 'admonished', which also means to warn or reprimand firmly. 'Appreciated' and 'praised' are antonyms.

Q.84 [Synonyms]

Some people think that their strength is perpetual. (Select the synonym of the underlined word 'perpetual')

(a) temporary
(b) powerful
(c) ever lasting ✓
(d) all persuasive

Explanation: 'Perpetual' means never ending or occurring repeatedly. Its synonym is 'ever lasting' (everlasting), meaning lasting forever. 'Temporary' is an antonym of perpetual.

Q.85 [Synonyms]

One's actions exemplify one's attitude and values. (Select the synonym of the underlined word 'exemplify')

(a) devise
(b) sympathize
(c) asks for
(d) demonstrate ✓

Explanation: 'Exemplify' means to be a typical example of or to illustrate by example. Its synonym is 'demonstrate', meaning to show or make evident. 'Devise' means to plan or invent, which is unrelated.

Q.86 [Synonyms]

The crux of the issue was that there was no evidence to prove the accused guilty of the act. (Select the synonym of the underlined word 'crux')

(a) core ✓
(b) part
(c) idea
(d) tip

Explanation: 'Crux' means the decisive or most important point at issue. Its synonym is 'core', meaning the central or most important part. 'Tip' is actually more of an antonym (tip = surface/top, crux = core/heart).

Q.87 [Synonyms]

Each child develops his/her competency based on the contexts and the inputs for learning. (Select the synonym of the underlined word 'competency')

(a) capability ✓
(b) thinking
(c) knowledge
(d) ideal

Explanation: 'Competency' means the ability to do something successfully or efficiently. Its synonym is 'capability', which also refers to the power or ability to do something. 'Knowledge' is related but narrower in meaning.

Q.88 [Synonyms]

He appears to be very haughty, but he is a humble person. (Select the synonym of the underlined word 'haughty')

(a) tough
(b) modest
(c) arrogant ✓
(d) knowledgeable

Explanation: 'Haughty' means arrogantly superior and disdainful. Its direct synonym is 'arrogant'. 'Modest' and 'humble' are antonyms of haughty. The sentence's contrast with 'humble' also confirms that 'haughty' means the opposite of humble — i.e., arrogant.

Q.89 [Synonyms]

The newly appointed secretary is industrious. (Select the synonym of the underlined word 'industrious')

(a) diligent ✓
(b) knowledgeable
(c) indolent
(d) insincere

Explanation: 'Industrious' means hard-working and diligent. Its synonym is 'diligent', meaning having or showing care and conscientiousness in work. 'Indolent' means lazy, which is an antonym.

Q.90 [Synonyms]

The indignant attitude of the speaker made the groups unhappy. (Select the synonym of the underlined word 'indignant')

(a) resentful ✓
(b) congenial
(c) unruly
(d) supportive

Explanation: 'Indignant' means feeling or showing anger or annoyance at what is perceived as unfair treatment. Its synonym is 'resentful', meaning feeling bitterness or indignation. 'Congenial' and 'supportive' are more positive traits.

Q.91 [Parts of Speech]

The preacher said, "No one is above the all powerful." (Identify the part of speech of the underlined word 'above')

(a) Adverb
(b) Place value
(c) Preposition ✓
(d) Verb

Explanation: In the sentence 'No one is above the all powerful', 'above' functions as a preposition showing the positional/hierarchical relationship between 'no one' and 'the all powerful'. Prepositions show relationship between a noun/pronoun and another element.

Q.92 [Parts of Speech]

The most beautiful seven monkeys of the landlord were taken for a stroll. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined phrase 'The most beautiful seven monkeys of the landlord')

(a) Object
(b) Adjective
(c) Noun phrase ✓
(d) Noun

Explanation: 'The most beautiful seven monkeys of the landlord' is a noun phrase — it functions as the subject of the sentence and contains a noun ('monkeys') with various modifiers (article, adjective, numeral, prepositional phrase). A noun phrase is a group of words that functions as a noun.

Q.93 [Parts of Speech]

Alas! He has been defeated. — Identify the part of speech of the word 'Alas'.

(a) Adjective
(b) Adverb
(c) Interjection ✓
(d) Conjunction

Explanation: 'Alas' is an exclamatory word used to express sorrow or grief, which makes it an interjection.

Q.94 [Parts of Speech]

The man who is in the green shirt is the chief of the day. — Identify the part of speech of the underlined word 'who'.

(a) Pronoun ✓
(b) Relative noun
(c) Demonstrative pronouns
(d) Assertive noun

Explanation: 'Who' here is a relative pronoun that introduces the relative clause 'who is in the green shirt', referring back to 'the man'. It is classified as a pronoun (specifically a relative pronoun).

Q.95 [Parts of Speech]

He has been living in the jungle for long and he knows all the animals here. — Identify the part of speech of 'and'.

(a) Subordinating conjunction
(b) Coordinating conjunction ✓
(c) Preposition
(d) Personal pronoun

Explanation: 'And' joins two independent clauses of equal grammatical rank, making it a coordinating conjunction.

Q.96 [Parts of Speech]

They have been driving since early morning. — Identify the part of speech of 'since'.

(a) Adjective
(b) Adverb ✓
(c) Noun
(d) Comparison

Explanation: 'Since early morning' functions as an adverbial phrase indicating time; 'since' here acts as a preposition/adverb modifying the verb phrase, and in the context of the options provided 'adverb' is the best fit as it modifies how long they have been driving.

Q.97 [Parts of Speech]

This time we woke up to the virus related diseases. — Identify the part of speech of 'This'.

(a) Demonstrative ✓
(b) Article
(c) Adverb
(d) Noun phrase

Explanation: 'This' points to a specific time and is a demonstrative adjective/determiner, so the correct classification is 'Demonstrative'.

Q.98 [Parts of Speech]

Love your neighbour as thyself. — Identify the part of speech of 'thyself'.

(a) Noun
(b) Pronoun ✓
(c) Preposition
(d) Adjective

Explanation: 'Thyself' is a reflexive/emphatic pronoun (archaic second-person singular), referring back to the subject; it is a pronoun.

Q.99 [Parts of Speech]

Ravi won the match with a huge margin. — Identify the part of speech of 'won'.

(a) Adjective
(b) Transitive verb ✓
(c) Demonstrative verb
(d) Adjective

Explanation: 'Won' is a verb that takes a direct object ('the match'), making it a transitive verb.

Q.100 [Parts of Speech]

There was an exultation in the group. — Identify the part of speech of 'exultation'.

(a) Intransitive verb
(b) Adverb
(c) Adjectival Noun
(d) Noun ✓

Explanation: 'Exultation' is a common abstract noun meaning a feeling of great happiness or triumph; it functions as the subject of the sentence.

Q.101 [Completion of Sentence]

Sheela has been at the receiving end _______

(a) but she is very honest
(b) and she is very honest ✓
(c) she had been proud of it
(d) she was fine with it

Explanation: 'At the receiving end' implies she faces criticism or hardship; 'and she is very honest' correctly adds a contrasting yet coherent quality. Option (a) with 'but' creates an illogical contrast, while (c) and (d) lack a conjunction and are grammatically incomplete.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.102 [Completion of Sentence]

Elam has no other option _______

(a) unless he wins
(b) but to accept the challenge ✓
(c) though he has won challenge
(d) he has to accept the challenge

Explanation: The fixed phrase 'no other option but to + infinitive' is the standard English construction meaning 'the only option is to'; option (b) completes it correctly.

Q.103 [Completion of Sentence]

Although the group has been acquitted _______

(a) they are under the watch of police ✓
(b) they are free to do anything
(c) there is no suspicion in them
(d) they have not been arrested

Explanation: 'Although' introduces a concessive clause; acquittal (being cleared) should be contrasted with a continuing restriction. Option (a) provides the logical contrast that despite acquittal they are still being watched.

Q.104 [Completion of Sentence]

Unless you fulfil the essential qualifications _______

(a) you will be called for the interview
(b) you shall be selected for the post
(c) you will not be called for the interview ✓
(d) you can't be rejected

Explanation: 'Unless' means 'if not'; so 'Unless you fulfil the qualifications' logically leads to a negative outcome — 'you will not be called for the interview' is the correct completion.

Q.105 [Completion of Sentence]

The company's bid for the contract is rejected _______

(a) since it filled all the conditions
(b) for the company fulfilled the conditions
(c) for the company had not been in the goodwill list
(d) since the deposit in the account is found less than required ✓

Explanation: A bid being rejected requires a reason indicating failure to meet requirements; option (d) provides a specific, logical reason — the deposit was found insufficient — making it the best completion.

Q.106 [Completion of Sentence]

I could not sleep _______

(a) because being very tired
(b) despite being very tired ✓
(c) in spite of being sleepless
(d) since being very tired

Explanation: 'I could not sleep despite being very tired' correctly uses 'despite' to express a concession — being tired normally causes sleep, yet sleep did not come. Options (a) and (d) are grammatically incorrect; (c) is redundant.

Q.107 [Completion of Sentence]

She married him _______

(a) since his good nature
(b) because his nature
(c) because of his nature ✓
(d) in spite his nature

Explanation: 'Because of' is the correct prepositional phrase to give a reason before a noun phrase; 'because of his nature' is grammatically correct. 'Because' alone requires a clause, not a noun phrase.

Q.108 [Completion of Sentence]

I will come to meet you _______

(a) in case you want ✓
(b) in case of time
(c) because you need
(d) although you want

Explanation: 'In case you want' is the idiomatic and grammatically correct completion meaning 'if you want/should you want'. 'In case of time' is not a standard phrase; (c) and (d) change the intended conditional meaning.

Q.109 [Completion of Sentence]

If you had planned the work well _______

(a) you shall have completed it on time
(b) you could complete it on time
(c) you will complete it on time
(d) you could have completed it on time ✓

Explanation: This is a third conditional (past unreal condition); the correct structure is 'If + had + past participle, ... could/would have + past participle'. Option (d) 'you could have completed it on time' is the grammatically correct result clause.

Q.110 [Completion of Sentence]

You can use my computer _______

(a) as long as you can't use any external drive
(b) as long as you used any external drive
(c) as long as you do not use any external drive ✓
(d) as long as you shall use any external drive

Explanation: 'As long as' sets a condition; the logical and grammatical condition is 'you do not use any external drive' (present simple for future condition). The other options are either logically wrong or grammatically awkward.

Q.111 [Prepositions and Determiners]

Don't go ______ the wind, you will face the music later.

(a) with ✓
(b) for
(c) about
(d) between

Explanation: The phrase 'go with the wind' means to follow the direction of the wind / go along with prevailing trends; the idiom 'go against the wind' is also common, but from the given options 'with' best completes the idiomatic expression in context.

Q.112 [Prepositions and Determiners]

He has been considered ______ honest contestant in the competition.

(a) an ✓
(b) a
(c) the
(d) one

Explanation: 'Honest' begins with a vowel sound /ɒ/, so the indefinite article 'an' is required before it. Thus 'an honest contestant' is correct.

Q.113 [Idioms & Phrases]

Don't read the lines. Read ______ the lines.

(a) in
(b) between ✓
(c) on
(d) by

Explanation: The idiom 'read between the lines' means to find the hidden or implied meaning in something written or said.

Q.114 [Articles]

The village possesses ______ scenic beauty.

(a) some ✓
(b) an
(c) a
(d) the

Explanation: 'Scenic beauty' is an uncountable noun used in a general sense here; 'some' is the correct quantifier for uncountable nouns in affirmative statements. No article is needed before 'scenic beauty' in a generic sense, but among the given options 'some' fits best as it correctly quantifies an uncountable noun.

Q.115 [Prepositions]

He is all out to blame everyone ______ his mistakes.

(a) for ✓
(b) in
(c) on
(d) with

Explanation: The correct collocation is 'blame someone for something'; the preposition 'for' follows 'blame' to indicate the reason or cause.

Q.116 [Articles]

This is ______ unique system of governance where everyone is the government.

(a) an
(b) the
(c) a ✓
(d) some

Explanation: 'Unique' begins with a consonant sound /juː/, so the indefinite article 'a' (not 'an') is used before it; 'a unique system' is correct.

Q.117 [Prepositions]

I will take care ______ myself. You don't bother about me.

(a) of ✓
(b) about
(c) for
(d) off

Explanation: The fixed phrase is 'take care of oneself/someone'; the preposition 'of' is always used with 'take care'.

Q.118 [Articles]

She is considered ______ nightingale of the college for her melodious voice.

(a) a
(b) an
(c) some
(d) the ✓

Explanation: 'The nightingale of the college' uses the definite article 'the' because it refers to a specific, unique title or distinction within a defined group (the college).

Q.119 [Phrasal Verbs]

The room is a bit dark. Could you please turn ______ the light?

(a) on ✓
(b) in
(c) off
(d) away

Explanation: 'Turn on the light' is the correct phrasal verb meaning to switch the light to active/illuminated; since the room is dark, one would turn the light on.

Q.120 [Phrasal Verbs]

Don't walk so fast! I can't keep ______ with you.

(a) in
(b) up ✓
(c) over
(d) pace

Explanation: The phrasal verb 'keep up with someone' means to maintain the same pace or level as another person; it is the standard expression used here.