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CDS I 2024 English with Solutions

Exam: CDS Year: 2024 (Session I) Questions: 115 Marks: 100 Negative Marking: 1/3

Q.1 [Synonyms]

She accepted the prospect of her medical treatment with equanimity. The word 'equanimity' means most nearly which of the following?

(a) tranquillity ✓
(b) agitation
(c) composure
(d) placidity

Explanation: 'Equanimity' means mental calmness and composure, especially in difficult situations. While 'composure' (c) and 'placidity' (d) are close, 'tranquillity' (a) most precisely captures the calm, untroubled state implied. Note: the question asks for the synonym of the underlined word; 'agitation' (b) is the antonym. Among the positive synonyms, 'tranquillity' is the closest standard dictionary synonym for 'equanimity'.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.2 [Synonyms]

He had been vehement in opposing the idea. The word 'vehement' means most nearly which of the following?

(a) ardent
(b) subdued
(c) fervent
(d) impassioned ✓

Explanation: 'Vehement' means showing strong feeling; forceful, passionate, or intense. 'Subdued' (b) is its antonym. 'Ardent', 'fervent', and 'impassioned' are all synonyms, but 'impassioned' most closely conveys the forceful, intense quality of 'vehement'.

Q.3 [Synonyms]

He indulges in nefarious activities. The word 'nefarious' means most nearly which of the following?

(a) flagitious ✓
(b) execrable
(c) admirable
(d) abominable

Explanation: 'Nefarious' means wicked or criminal. 'Admirable' (c) is the antonym. 'Flagitious' means extremely wicked or villainous and is the closest direct synonym to 'nefarious' among the choices.

Q.4 [Synonyms]

When he was born, his family was indigent. The word 'indigent' means most nearly which of the following?

(a) pretentious
(b) impecunious ✓
(c) affluent
(d) ruined

Explanation: 'Indigent' means poor or needy. 'Affluent' (c) is its antonym. 'Impecunious' means having little or no money, making it the precise synonym of 'indigent'.

Q.5 [Synonyms]

All of us are living in turbulent times. The word 'turbulent' means most nearly which of the following?

(a) capricious
(b) desolate
(c) tranquil
(d) obstreperous ✓

Explanation: 'Turbulent' means characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion. 'Tranquil' (c) is its antonym. 'Obstreperous' means noisy and difficult to control, best capturing the chaotic, unruly quality of 'turbulent'.

Q.6 [Fill in the Blanks]

I shall not be going to the theatre ___.

(a) if it may snow
(b) if it snow
(c) if it snows ✓
(d) if snowed

Explanation: In a real conditional sentence (Type 1), the 'if' clause uses the present simple tense. Therefore 'if it snows' is grammatically correct.

Q.7 [Fill in the Blanks]

___ than a hundred passengers were killed in the recent train accident.

(a) Less
(b) No less
(c) Fewest
(d) No fewer ✓

Explanation: 'Passengers' is a countable noun, so 'fewer' (not 'less') is used. 'No fewer than' is the correct idiomatic expression meaning 'at least', making (d) the right answer.

Q.8 [Fill in the Blanks]

Each of these paintings ___ made by a famous painter.

(a) are
(b) is ✓
(c) be
(d) should

Explanation: 'Each' is an indefinite pronoun that always takes a singular verb. Therefore 'is' is the correct choice.

Q.9 [Fill in the Blanks]

This is an area of ___ dense population.

(a) extremely ✓
(b) totally
(c) tangentially
(d) languidly

Explanation: 'Extremely' is the appropriate adverb to intensify the adjective 'dense'. 'Totally' is informal and less fitting with 'dense population'; 'tangentially' and 'languidly' make no semantic sense here.

Q.10 [Fill in the Blanks]

Reading ability in young children ___ by speech disorders.

(a) effected
(b) affected
(c) is effected
(d) is affected ✓

Explanation: The sentence requires a passive construction (the subject 'reading ability' receives the action). 'Affected' means influenced/impacted, while 'effected' means brought about. 'Is affected by' is the grammatically and semantically correct passive form.

Q.11 [Fill in the Blanks]

She has faced almost ___ difficulty in arranging the funds for the event.

(a) big
(b) insurmountable ✓
(c) gigantic
(d) large

Explanation: 'Almost insurmountable difficulty' is the natural idiomatic collocation; 'almost insurmountable' means nearly impossible to overcome, which fits the context of struggling to arrange funds.

Q.12 [Fill in the Blanks]

Our school building is ___ dilapidated.

(a) visibly ✓
(b) little
(c) deeply
(d) satisfactorily

Explanation: 'Visibly dilapidated' means the state of disrepair is clearly observable. It is the most natural and idiomatic adverb-adjective collocation here; 'deeply dilapidated' is not standard usage.

Q.13 [Fill in the Blanks]

Ranikhet is a place of remarkably ___ beauty.

(a) scenery
(b) scenic ✓
(c) scene
(d) scenically

Explanation: An adjective is needed to modify the noun 'beauty'. 'Scenic' is the correct adjective form, giving 'remarkably scenic beauty'.

Q.14 [Fill in the Blanks]

The criminal on the run managed to ___ capture by the police officer.

(a) invade
(b) evade ✓
(c) slip
(d) run away

Explanation: 'Evade' means to escape or avoid by cleverness or trickery, and 'evade capture' is a standard collocation. 'Invade' is incorrect in meaning; 'slip' and 'run away' are not grammatically or idiomatically standard here.

Q.15 [Fill in the Blanks]

I am ___ on the ambitious project of learning one new language every year.

(a) sailing
(b) embarking ✓
(c) adventuring
(d) concurring

Explanation: 'Embarking on a project' is the standard idiomatic expression meaning to begin or start an undertaking. None of the other options collocate with 'on a project' in standard English.

Q.16 [Idioms and Phrases]

Walking on eggshells

(a) Careful not to offend or upset others ✓
(b) Walking with great care
(c) Making a noisy entry
(d) Undertaking an uncomfortable journey

Explanation: The idiom 'walking on eggshells' means being very careful about what you say or do to avoid upsetting someone, not merely physical carefulness.

Q.17 [Idioms and Phrases]

Feather your own nest

(a) To make one's lodgings comfortable
(b) To make money for oneself by way of dishonest means ✓
(c) To look at something with a lot of pleasure
(d) To make something more important than it really is

Explanation: 'Feather your own nest' means to dishonestly use one's position or situation to enrich oneself at others' expense.

Q.18 [Idioms and Phrases]

Neither fish nor fowl

(a) Difficult to describe or classify ✓
(b) Neither this or that
(c) Strict rules and regulations
(d) Feel awkward because of unfamiliarity

Explanation: 'Neither fish nor fowl' describes something that does not fit into any recognised category and is therefore difficult to classify or describe.

Q.19 [Idioms and Phrases]

Elephant in the room

(a) The important topic
(b) The unavoidable mind-set
(c) The obvious problem that is being avoided ✓
(d) The prized possession in the room

Explanation: 'Elephant in the room' refers to an obvious problem or difficult situation that people do not want to talk about or acknowledge.

Q.20 [Idioms and Phrases]

The ship has sailed

(a) The matter is carried over
(b) The matter is decided
(c) The opportunity has passed ✓
(d) Seeking new opportunities

Explanation: 'The ship has sailed' is an idiom meaning that a particular opportunity or chance is gone and can no longer be taken advantage of.

Q.21 [Ordering of Words/Sentence Rearrangement]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: P: directive principles of state policy which though not justiciable are Q: fundamental to the governance of the country and it is the duty R: the Constitution lays down certain S: of the state to apply these principles in making laws

(a) PQRS
(b) QRPS
(c) RPQS ✓
(d) SPRQ

Explanation: The logical sentence is: 'The Constitution lays down certain (R) directive principles of state policy which though not justiciable are (P) fundamental to the governance of the country and it is the duty (Q) of the state to apply these principles in making laws (S).' Order: RPQS.

Q.22 [Ordering of Words/Sentence Rearrangement]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: P: are evolving rapidly Q: the geo-political and geo-economic landscape R: where aspects related to application of military force S: in a multipolar world is dynamic

(a) QRSP
(b) QSRP
(c) SPRQ
(d) SQRP ✓

Explanation: The logical sentence reads: 'The geo-political and geo-economic landscape (Q) in a multipolar world is dynamic (S) where aspects related to application of military force (R) are evolving rapidly (P).' Order: QSRP — however re-checking: SQRP gives 'In a multipolar world is dynamic the geo-political... where aspects... are evolving rapidly' which is less smooth. QSRP (option b) gives 'The geo-political and geo-economic landscape in a multipolar world is dynamic where aspects related to application of military force are evolving rapidly' — this is the most grammatical. Order: QSRP.

Q.23 [Ordering of Words/Sentence Rearrangement]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: P: international security, taking into account its national security interests and priorities Q: India has participated actively in multilateral forums R: relating to disarmament, non-proliferation and S: in the international security arena

(a) PQRS
(b) SRPQ
(c) QPRS
(d) QRPS ✓

Explanation: The logical sentence reads: 'India has participated actively in multilateral forums (Q) relating to disarmament, non-proliferation and (R) international security, taking into account its national security interests and priorities (P) in the international security arena (S).' Order: QRPS.

Q.24 [Ordering of Words/Sentence Rearrangement]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: P: linked to the formal education system through Q: a close coordination with the R: children in the age group of 5-8 years are directly S: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

(a) RPSQ ✓
(b) QSPR
(c) RPQS
(d) QRPS

Explanation: The logical sentence reads: 'Children in the age group of 5-8 years are directly (R) linked to the formal education system through (P) a close coordination with the (Q) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (S).' Wait, that gives RPQS. But option (a) is RPSQ. Re-checking: RPSQ = 'Children in the age group of 5-8 years are directly (R) linked to the formal education system through (P) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (S) a close coordination with the (Q)' — less smooth. RPQS gives the most coherent sentence, which is option (c).

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.24 [Ordering of Words/Sentence Rearrangement]

(a) RPSQ
(b) QSPR
(c) RPQS ✓
(d) QRPS

Explanation: The most coherent sentence: 'Children in the age group of 5-8 years are directly (R) linked to the formal education system through (P) a close coordination with the (Q) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (S).' Order: RPQS, which is option (c).

Q.25 [Ordering of Words/Sentence Rearrangement]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: P: our spiritual heritage Q: and has become part of R: practised as part of healthy lifestyle S: yoga is being

(a) PQRS
(b) PRSQ
(c) SRPQ ✓
(d) SRQP

Explanation: The logical sentence: 'Yoga is being (S) practised as part of healthy lifestyle (R) and has become part of (Q) our spiritual heritage (P).' Order: SRQP, which is option (d). However option (d) is listed as SRQP. The correct answer is SRQP = option (d).

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.26 [Ordering of Words/Sentence Rearrangement]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: P: who has been troubling Q: better than the one R: would know the trouble S: she who has been in trouble

(a) PSQR
(b) SPRQ ✓
(c) SRQP
(d) PQRS

Explanation: The logical sentence: 'She who has been in trouble (S) would know the trouble (R) better than the one (Q) who has been troubling (P).' Wait, that gives SRQP. But re-reading: SPRQ = 'She who has been in trouble (S) who has been troubling (P) better than the one (Q) would know the trouble (R)' — less coherent. SRQP gives: 'She who has been in trouble would know the trouble better than the one who has been troubling.' That is the most natural. SRQP is option (c).

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.27 [Ordering of Words/Sentence Rearrangement]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: P: 'all that glitters is not gold' Q: the speaker reiterated before the audience R: is still valid S: the fact that the old epithet

(a) QRPS
(b) QSPR ✓
(c) RPSQ
(d) SPQR

Explanation: The logical sentence: 'The speaker reiterated before the audience (Q) the fact that the old epithet (S) 'all that glitters is not gold' (P) is still valid (R).' Order: QSPR, which is option (b).

Q.28 [Ordering of Words/Sentence Rearrangement]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: P: a decade sooner than 2050 Q: that the population will peak R: the second scenario suggested S: at 8.5 billion by 2040

(a) PSQR
(b) RQSP ✓
(c) RPSQ
(d) PRSQ

Explanation: The logical sentence: 'The second scenario suggested (R) that the population will peak (Q) at 8.5 billion by 2040 (S) a decade sooner than 2050 (P).' Order: RQSP, which is option (b).

Q.29 [Ordering of Words/Sentence Rearrangement]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: P: turbulent times Q: not only during war and R: peace is always the only alternative S: but also during peaceful times

(a) RPSQ
(b) PRSQ
(c) RQPS ✓
(d) SPQR

Explanation: The logical sentence: 'Peace is always the only alternative (R) not only during war and (Q) turbulent times (P) but also during peaceful times (S).' Order: RQPS, which is option (c).

Q.30 [Ordering of Words/Sentence Rearrangement]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: P: generations of Indian women Q: many policies and behaviours R: 'population bomb' related narratives mobilised S: that shaped the lives of

(a) RQSP ✓
(b) PSQR
(c) RPSQ
(d) PQRS

Explanation: The logical sentence: ''Population bomb' related narratives mobilised (R) many policies and behaviours (Q) that shaped the lives of (S) generations of Indian women (P).' Order: RQSP, which is option (a).

Q.31 [Ordering of Sentences]

S1: The Attorney-General of India is appointed by the President of India. S6: He shall receive such remuneration as the President may determine. Arrange P, Q, R, S: P: In the performance of his duties, the Attorney-General shall have the right of audience in all courts in the territory of India. Q: The Attorney-General shall hold office during the pleasure of the President. R: Any person qualified to be a judge of the Supreme Court can be appointed for the post. S: The duty of the Attorney-General is to give advice to the Government of India upon such legal matters, and to perform such other duties of a legal character, as may from time to time be referred to him or assigned to him by the President, and to discharge the functions conferred on him by or under the Constitution or any other law for the time being in force.

(a) PSRQ
(b) QPRS
(c) RSPQ ✓
(d) SRPQ

Explanation: After S1 (appointment), R logically follows (qualification criteria), then S (duties), then P (right of audience), then Q (tenure), leading to S6 (remuneration). Order: RSPQ, which is option (c).

Q.32 [Ordering of Sentences]

S1: COVID-19 was a health catastrophe that caused great distress. S6: It triggered the movement of more than 7 million people through lockdown and post-lockdown periods. Arrange P, Q, R, S: P: India also undertook the Vande Bharat Mission. Q: Made-in-India vaccines were sent to more than 90 countries on a commercial and grant basis. R: India justified its credentials as a global HADR player deploying Rapid Response Teams to Maldives, Kuwait and Mauritius launching the multiphased mission SAGAR. S: During the pandemic, India re-established its credentials as the Pharmacy of the World by supplying medicines and equipment to over 150 countries in the face of daunting logistical challenges.

(a) SQRP ✓
(b) SPRQ
(c) QPRS
(d) QRSP

Explanation: S introduces India as Pharmacy of the World, Q follows with vaccine exports, R extends to HADR credentials, P introduces Vande Bharat Mission which directly connects to S6 (movement of 7 million people). Order: SQRP, option (a).

Q.33 [Ordering of Sentences]

S1: The New Development Bank (NDB) has been instituted with a vision to support and foster infrastructure and sustainable initiatives in emerging economies. S6: India is one of the largest borrowers from the Bank in the sectors of transport, health, water and financial sectors. Arrange P, Q, R, S: P: The purpose of the Bank is to mobilise resources for infrastructure and sustainable projects in BRICS and other emerging economies. Q: Each member country has a shareholding of 20 percent. R: The founding members of the NDB—Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa—brought in capital USD 1 billion as initial contribution. S: India and other four founding members have equal shareholding in the Bank.

(a) PQSR ✓
(b) SPRQ
(c) QSRP
(d) RSQP

Explanation: After S1 (vision), P elaborates the purpose, then Q (shareholding percentage), then S (equal shareholding among founding members), then R (capital contribution), leading to S6 (India as borrower). Order: PQSR, option (a).

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.34 [Ordering of Sentences]

S1: Ayurveda literally means 'science of life'. S6: It is about the interrelationship between these aspects. Arrange P, Q, R, S: P: Ayurveda has evolved from the various Vedic hymns rooted in the fundamental philosophies about life, disease and health. Q: Ayurveda takes an integrated view of the physical, mental, spiritual and social aspects of human beings. R: The Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, which developed around 2500 BCE, are the main treatises of Ayurveda. S: According to Ayurveda, health is considered a prerequisite for achieving the goals of life, i.e., Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha.

(a) PRSQ ✓
(b) SPQR
(c) QRSP
(d) QSPR

Explanation: After S1 (definition), P explains its evolution from Vedic hymns, R gives the main treatises, S discusses health as a prerequisite for life goals, Q describes the integrated view of aspects, leading to S6 (interrelationship between these aspects). Order: PRSQ, option (a).

Q.35 [Ordering of Sentences]

S1: The National Education Policy, 2020 is an important policy on education. S6: The policy was formulated through consultation process at every stage—from preformulation to formulation and implementation. Arrange P, Q, R, S: P: To fulfil its objectives, it seeks to bring access, equity, quality, affordability and accountability in education and for sustainable development. Q: It has come after 34 years, replacing the National Policy on Education, 1986. R: The policy also lays emphasis on bringing out the unique capabilities of each student, promoting ethical values, encouraging critical thinking, fostering a culture of research and encouraging rootedness and pride in India. S: It aims to transform India into a vibrant knowledge society and global knowledge superpower by making both school and college education more holistic and flexible.

(a) PRSQ
(b) QSPR ✓
(c) RQSP
(d) SQRP

Explanation: After S1, Q provides background (replacing 1986 policy), S states the aim (transform India), P details objectives (access, equity etc.), R gives additional emphasis, leading to S6 (consultation process). Order: QSPR, option (b).

Q.36 [Ordering of Sentences]

S1: Cotton is one of the most important cash crops in India, and it makes India an important global player in cotton production. S6: To support the cotton industry, the Government of India regularly announces Minimum Support Price (MSP) for two basic staple groups, viz., medium staple and long staple cotton. Arrange P, Q, R, S: P: Cotton sustains the livelihood of an estimated 508 million cotton farmers and 40-50 million people engaged in related activities such as cotton processing and trade. Q: India's contribution to cotton production comes from around 126 lakh hectares under cotton cultivation which is around 38 per cent of the world area. R: The country accounts for around 25 per cent of the total global fibre production. S: In the raw material consumption basket of the Indian textile industry, the proportion of cotton is around 60 per cent.

(a) PQRS ✓
(b) SRPQ
(c) QSRP
(d) RQSP

Explanation: After S1 (India as global player), P talks about livelihoods, Q about cultivation area (38% of world), R about fibre production (25% global), S about domestic textile industry use (60%), leading to S6 (MSP support). Order: PQRS, option (a).

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.37 [Ordering of Sentences]

S1: One of the features of humanist culture in Italy was a slackening of the control of religion over human life. S6: There was also a concern at this time with good manners. Arrange P, Q, R, S: P: Though they were not irreligious, Italians were strongly attracted to material wealth, power and glory. Q: He wrote a pamphlet defending acquisition of wealth as a virtue. R: In On Pleasure, Lorenzo Valla, another humanist, criticised the Christian injunction against pleasure. S: Francesco Barbaro was a humanist from Venice.

(a) QRSP
(b) QPSR
(c) PSQR ✓
(d) RSPQ

Explanation: After S1 (slackening religious control), P sets the context (Italians attracted to wealth/glory), S introduces Francesco Barbaro, Q says he wrote a pamphlet defending wealth, R introduces another humanist Lorenzo Valla criticising Christian injunctions, leading to S6 (concern with good manners). Order: PSQR, option (c).

Q.38 [Ordering of Sentences]

S1: Rural Postal Life Insurance was started in 1995. S6: Therefore, various schemes of PLI and RPLI are very popular amongst eligible clients. Arrange P, Q, R, S: P: It also aims to spread insurance awareness among the rural population. Q: However, PLI and RPLI continue to offer life insurance cover at lower premium rate and higher bonus. R: The prime objective of the scheme is to provide insurance cover to the rural public in general and to benefit weaker sections and women workers of rural areas in particular. S: With liberalisation of the insurance sector, Postal Life Insurance and Rural Postal Life Insurance are operating in a very competitive market.

(a) QRSP
(b) QPSR
(c) RPSQ ✓
(d) RSPQ

Explanation: After S1 (RPLI started in 1995), R states the prime objective, P adds the aim of spreading awareness, S introduces the competitive market context post-liberalisation, Q provides the contrast (however, PLI/RPLI continue with better rates), leading to S6 (popularity). Order: RPSQ, option (c).

Q.39 [Ordering of Sentences]

S1: Digital Locker is a key initiative under Digital India, aimed at transforming India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. S6: These legacy documents can be electronically signed using the eSign facility. Arrange P, Q, R, S: P: Targeted at the idea of paperless governance, Digital Locker is a platform for issuance and verification of documents and certificates in a digital way. Q: Organisations that are registered with Digital Locker can push electronic copies of documents and certificates directly into citizens' lockers. R: Citizens can also upload scanned copies of their legacy documents in their accounts. S: Indian residents, who sign up for a DigiLocker account, get a dedicated cloud storage space.

(a) PSQR ✓
(b) QSRP
(c) RSPQ
(d) SPRQ

Explanation: After S1 (Digital Locker initiative), P explains its purpose (paperless governance), S describes what residents get (cloud storage), Q describes what organisations can do (push documents), R mentions uploading legacy documents, leading to S6 (eSigning legacy documents). Order: PSQR, option (a).

Q.40 [Ordering of Sentences]

S1: Nano Mission Programme was initiated in 2007. S6: The efforts of this mission are evident through India's global ranking based on the publications in SCI journals. Arrange P, Q, R, S: P: The Nano Mission is likely to pave the path for India's domination in cutting-edge science. Q: Its goal is to foster, promote and develop all aspects of nano-science and nanotechnology. R: This is an umbrella programme which promotes basic research and focuses on nanotechnology adaptation and transfer to industry for use by masses. S: The support under this extends to create skilled human resources, projects related to nanoscience and nanotechnology and building infrastructure of nano S&T labs at several institutes spread across the country.

(a) PSRQ
(b) QRPS ✓
(c) RPQS
(d) SPRQ

Explanation: After S1 (initiated in 2007), Q states the goal, R describes it as an umbrella programme, P notes it will pave the path for India's domination, S details the support extended, leading to S6 (evident results in SCI publications). Order: QRPS, option (b).

Q.41 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

She sings much better than I do. Identify the part of speech of the underlined/relevant word 'much'.

(a) Adjective
(b) Adverb ✓
(c) Verb
(d) Conjunction

Explanation: 'Much' here modifies the adjective 'better', so it functions as an adverb intensifying the comparative adjective.

Q.42 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

The story was in all the dailies. Identify the part of speech of 'dailies'.

(a) Noun ✓
(b) Adjective
(c) Adverb
(d) Determiner

Explanation: 'Dailies' refers to daily newspapers; it is used as a noun (plural of 'daily' used as a noun meaning newspaper).

Q.43 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

Smoking is injurious to health. Identify the part of speech of 'Smoking'.

(a) Participle
(b) Infinitive
(c) Gerund ✓
(d) Verb

Explanation: 'Smoking' functions as the subject of the sentence, which is a nominal use of the -ing form, making it a gerund.

Q.44 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

What made you choose the one rather than the other? Identify the part of speech of 'rather'.

(a) Pronoun
(b) Verb
(c) Number
(d) Adverb ✓

Explanation: 'Rather' modifies the conjunction 'than' and qualifies the degree of preference, functioning as an adverb.

Q.45 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

There is still some water in the bottle. Identify the part of speech of 'some'.

(a) Adverb
(b) Conjunction
(c) Determiner ✓
(d) Verb

Explanation: 'Some' precedes the noun 'water' and quantifies it without specifying an exact amount, so it functions as a determiner.

Q.46 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

Hurray! We have won the match. Identify the part of speech of 'Hurray'.

(a) Interjection ✓
(b) Conjunction
(c) Adjective
(d) Interrogative

Explanation: 'Hurray' expresses a sudden emotion of joy and stands alone as an exclamation, making it an interjection.

Q.47 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

Having finished her work, Sharmila left home at 8:00 PM. Identify the part of speech of 'Having finished'.

(a) Participle ✓
(b) Auxiliary verb
(c) Adverb
(d) Conjunction

Explanation: 'Having finished' is a perfect participial phrase modifying the subject 'Sharmila'; it functions as a participle (participial phrase).

Q.48 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

My teacher always moves around in her class while teaching. Identify the part of speech of 'always'.

(a) Verb
(b) Adverb ✓
(c) Conjunction
(d) Noun

Explanation: 'Always' modifies the verb 'moves', indicating frequency of the action, so it is an adverb.

Q.49 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

The cantankerous men of the town roar around the marketplace. Identify the part of speech of 'cantankerous'.

(a) Verb
(b) Adverb
(c) Determiner
(d) Adjective ✓

Explanation: 'Cantankerous' describes or modifies the noun 'men', so it functions as an adjective.

Q.50 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

India is revered as the fountainhead of democracy in the world today. Identify the part of speech of 'fountainhead'.

(a) Noun ✓
(b) Adjective
(c) Adverb
(d) Interjection

Explanation: 'Fountainhead' is the name of a thing (a primary source) and functions as a noun in this sentence.

Q.51 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage I: Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat... The tragedy of our times is

(a) we are unable to bear pain
(b) we have forgotten the problems of the human heart
(c) we have learnt to bear general and universal physical fear ✓
(d) the fear of the spirit

Explanation: The passage states the tragedy is 'a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it', meaning we have learnt to bear this fear — option (c) best captures this irony.

Q.52 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage I (same as Q51). What must writers learn again?

(a) The lessons of life
(b) The problems of a heart in conflict with itself ✓
(c) To be afraid
(d) To be fearless

Explanation: The passage explicitly states writers have 'forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself' and 'He must learn them again', making option (b) the direct answer.

Q.53 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage I (same as Q51). A writer's workshop should be filled with

(a) stories of love and lust
(b) stories of victories
(c) universal truths ✓
(d) ephemeral facts

Explanation: The passage says there should be 'no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths', which corresponds to option (c).

Q.54 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage I (same as Q51). According to the author, the end of man is untenable because

(a) of his inexhaustible voice
(b) of his endurance
(c) of his mortal life
(d) of his spirit, born of his soul ✓

Explanation: The author explicitly says man is immortal 'not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice', making (d) correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.55 [Reading Comprehension - Vocabulary]

Passage I (same as Q51). The word 'puny' means

(a) brave
(b) daring
(c) tiny ✓
(d) doomed

Explanation: 'Puny' means small, weak, or insignificant in size or strength; 'tiny' is the closest synonym among the options.

Q.56 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage II: People do not understand the nature or ramifications of most educational changes. They become involved in change voluntarily or involuntarily and in either case experience ambivalence about its meanings, form, and consequences... Change often is not conceived of as being multidimensional... People do not understand the nature or ramifications of educational change because

(a) they do not understand the multidimensional character of change ✓
(b) they see the certainty in the change
(c) they are ambiguous in their decision
(d) it takes time and hard work

Explanation: The passage states 'Change often is not conceived of as being multidimensional' and 'Ignorance of these dimensions explains a number of interesting phenomena', pointing directly to option (a).

Q.57 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage II (same as Q56). People would accept an innovation with understanding, if

(a) they find meaning of the innovation in their use
(b) there is clarity regarding its aspects ✓
(c) they themselves learn to innovate in their contexts
(d) they work with their immediate and distant colleagues

Explanation: The passage explains that 'Objectively, it is possible to clarify the meaning of an educational change by identifying and describing its separate dimensions', implying clarity of aspects leads to understanding and acceptance.

Q.58 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage II (same as Q56). What is the caution the author sounds with regard to 'objective reality'?

(a) Objective reality is a collective reality which may have many problems
(b) Objective reality may be influenced by subjective thinking and considerations ✓
(c) Objective reality is the collective influence of all people
(d) Objective considerations are part of the subjective reality and thus they are interrelated

Explanation: The author warns 'there is also the danger that the objective reality is only the reflection of the producers of change and thus simply a glorified version of their subjective conceptions', supporting option (b).

Q.59 [Reading Comprehension - Vocabulary]

Passage II (same as Q56). Which two words in the passage mean the opposite of the word 'whole'?

(a) Version and ramifications
(b) Phenomena and programmes
(c) Components and dimensions ✓
(d) Conceptions and programmes

Explanation: 'Components' (parts that make up a whole) and 'dimensions' (separate aspects of a whole) are both words that denote parts rather than the whole, making them antonyms of 'whole' in this context.

Q.60 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage II (same as Q56). Which of the following sums up the idea of the author?

(a) Change is subjective and warrants objectivity from conceptualisation to implementation
(b) Subjectivity cannot be ruled out by describing the main dimensions of change
(c) It is difficult to conceptualise the change which satisfies all sections with understanding
(d) Change has to be conceptualised collectively in its many dimensions, and dealt with objectively ✓

Explanation: The passage argues that change is multidimensional (must be understood in all its dimensions) and that objectivity is needed to counter subjective biases, making option (d) the best summary of the author's argument.

Q.61 [Prepositions]

I don't like working ___ night.

(a) in
(b) at ✓
(c) on
(d) into

Explanation: The correct preposition with 'night' in the phrase 'at night' is 'at'. We say 'at night', 'at noon', 'at midnight'.

Q.62 [Prepositions]

I'll see you _________ the morning.

(a) at
(b) on
(c) along
(d) in ✓

Explanation: We use 'in' with parts of the day: 'in the morning', 'in the afternoon', 'in the evening'.

Q.63 [Prepositions]

There is a mark ________ the wall.

(a) on ✓
(b) by
(c) into
(d) from

Explanation: 'On the wall' is the correct collocation — marks, pictures, and similar things are described as being 'on' a surface.

Q.64 [Prepositions]

Shalini usually goes to work ________ bus.

(a) on
(b) by ✓
(c) at
(d) with

Explanation: We use 'by' with modes of transport: 'by bus', 'by train', 'by car'. No article is used in this construction.

Q.65 [Prepositions]

She has always been very polite __________ me.

(a) about
(b) by
(c) to ✓
(d) of

Explanation: The adjective 'polite' collocates with the preposition 'to': 'polite to someone'.

Q.66 [Prepositions]

I'm fed up ____ you.

(a) by
(b) at
(c) until
(d) with ✓

Explanation: The fixed phrasal expression 'fed up' always takes the preposition 'with': 'fed up with someone/something'.

Q.67 [Prepositions]

We had a discussion ______ the project.

(a) beneath
(b) with
(c) about ✓
(d) in

Explanation: 'Discussion about' is the standard collocation when referring to the subject of discussion.

Q.68 [Prepositions]

She is capable ________ winning the race.

(a) on
(b) at
(c) of ✓
(d) until

Explanation: The adjective 'capable' takes the preposition 'of': 'capable of doing something'.

Q.69 [Prepositions]

His first novel has been translated ____ many languages.

(a) into ✓
(b) with
(c) on
(d) along

Explanation: The correct collocation is 'translated into' a language, indicating conversion from one language to another.

Q.70 [Prepositions]

We met a very nice family __________ our holiday.

(a) while
(b) into
(c) during ✓
(d) by

Explanation: 'During' is used with nouns referring to a period of time: 'during our holiday'. 'While' requires a clause, not a noun phrase.

Q.71 [Spotting Errors]

During recession (a) many companies were compelled (b) to decrease their workforce. (c) No error (d)

(a) During recession ✓
(b) many companies were compelled
(c) to decrease their workforce
(d) No error

Explanation: 'Recession' is a countable noun and requires an article: 'During the recession' or 'During a recession'. The absence of the article before 'recession' is the error.

Q.72 [Spotting Errors]

The politicians (a) parted ways (b) due towards ideological differences. (c) No error (d)

(a) The politicians
(b) parted ways
(c) due towards ideological differences ✓
(d) No error

Explanation: The correct phrase is 'due to', not 'due towards'. 'Due to' means 'because of', and 'towards' is incorrect here.

Q.73 [Spotting Errors]

The murder was (a) too abominable (b) to described. (c) No error (d)

(a) The murder was
(b) too abominable
(c) to described ✓
(d) No error

Explanation: After 'too … to', the base form of the verb (infinitive) must be used: 'to describe', not 'to described'.

Q.74 [Spotting Errors]

Each new word (a) in this book (b) have a different meaning. (c) No error (d)

(a) Each new word
(b) in this book
(c) have a different meaning ✓
(d) No error

Explanation: 'Each' is singular and takes a singular verb: 'has a different meaning', not 'have a different meaning'.

Q.75 [Spotting Errors]

The news regarding (a) the earthquake survivors (b) are very disturbing. (c) No error (d)

(a) The news regarding
(b) the earthquake survivors
(c) are very disturbing ✓
(d) No error

Explanation: 'News' is an uncountable noun and takes a singular verb: 'is very disturbing', not 'are very disturbing'.

Q.76 [Spotting Errors]

These equipments (a) must have (b) cost a fortune. (c) No error (d)

(a) These equipments ✓
(b) must have
(c) cost a fortune
(d) No error

Explanation: 'Equipment' is an uncountable noun and has no plural form. It should be 'This equipment', not 'These equipments'.

Q.77 [Spotting Errors]

Prateek doesn't (a) look well today, (b) doesn't he? (c) No error (d)

(a) Prateek doesn't
(b) look well today
(c) doesn't he ✓
(d) No error

Explanation: When the main clause is negative ('doesn't'), the question tag must be positive: 'does he?', not 'doesn't he?'.

Q.78 [Spotting Errors]

It was one of (a) most eloquent speeches (b) delivered by Swami Vivekananda. (c) No error (d)

(a) It was one of ✓
(b) most eloquent speeches
(c) delivered by Swami Vivekananda
(d) No error

Explanation: The superlative construction 'one of the most' requires the definite article 'the': 'one of the most eloquent speeches'.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.79 [Spotting Errors]

He suffered (a) from fever when he was interviewed (b) for the job. (c) No error (d)

(a) He suffered ✓
(b) from fever when he was interviewed
(c) for the job
(d) No error

Explanation: The correct idiomatic expression is 'suffered from a fever' — the indefinite article 'a' is required before 'fever'.

Q.80 [Spotting Errors]

She forced (a) herself (b) to eat. (c) No error (d)

(a) She forced
(b) herself
(c) to eat
(d) No error ✓

Explanation: The sentence 'She forced herself to eat' is grammatically correct in all its parts; there is no error.

Q.81 [Vocabulary - Synonyms]

Winning the World Cup was the most exhilarating moment for the Indian cricket team.

(a) peaceful
(b) prominent
(c) thrilling ✓
(d) eager

Explanation: 'Exhilarating' means causing feelings of excitement and happiness, which is closest in meaning to 'thrilling'. 'Peaceful' and 'eager' are unrelated, and 'prominent' means well-known, not exciting.

Q.82 [Vocabulary - Synonyms]

Justice prevailed and the murderer was decapitated.

(a) beheaded ✓
(b) dismissed
(c) kidnapped
(d) discharged

Explanation: 'Decapitated' literally means to have the head cut off, i.e., beheaded. The other options refer to entirely different actions.

Q.83 [Vocabulary - Synonyms]

The hotel room had dingy walls.

(a) hazy
(b) dark and dirty ✓
(c) pale
(d) cloudy

Explanation: 'Dingy' means gloomy and drab, typically suggesting something dark and dirty. 'Hazy' and 'cloudy' relate to lack of clarity, while 'pale' means light in colour — the opposite of dingy.

Q.84 [Vocabulary - Synonyms]

Keshav planned the event with fastidious care.

(a) inattentive
(b) boring
(c) meticulous ✓
(d) uninteresting

Explanation: 'Fastidious' means very attentive to detail and accuracy, which is synonymous with 'meticulous'. The other options are either antonyms or unrelated.

Q.85 [Vocabulary - Synonyms]

Her left leg was paralysed due to a debilitating disease.

(a) crippling ✓
(b) sad
(c) strange
(d) critical

Explanation: 'Debilitating' means causing a loss of strength or energy, making something severely weakening — best matched by 'crippling'. 'Sad', 'strange', and 'critical' do not capture this meaning.

Q.86 [Correlating Sentences]

S1: Civics classes focus on citizenship and governance. S2: The subject develops concepts that enable the reader to apply knowledge about government and the state to the idea of participative citizenship. The second sentence

(a) expands the first ✓
(b) contrasts with the first
(c) proposes a solution
(d) states an effect

Explanation: S2 elaborates on S1 by providing more detail about what civics classes do, thereby expanding on the idea introduced in the first sentence. There is no contrast, solution, or cause-effect relationship.

Q.87 [Correlating Sentences]

S1: China has made rapid economic strides but at the cost of democracy. S2: India has followed a path towards rapid economic growth, but by abiding by the norms of a democratic polity. The second sentence

(a) negates the first
(b) explains what is stated in the first
(c) offers a contrast to the first ✓
(d) confirms the first

Explanation: S2 presents India's approach — economic growth while maintaining democracy — as a direct contrast to China's approach of sacrificing democracy for economic progress described in S1.

Q.88 [Correlating Sentences]

S1: The concept of right or wrong needs to be determined on the basis of principles. S2: When it comes to matters related to the field of human rights, positions should be based solely on principles. The second sentence

(a) establishes the first
(b) develops an axiom based on the first ✓
(c) contradicts the first
(d) delegitimises the premise of the first

Explanation: S2 takes the general principle stated in S1 and applies it specifically to the domain of human rights, thereby developing an axiomatic application based on the broader premise of the first sentence.

Q.89 [Correlating Sentences]

S1: The concept of Ahimsa was adopted by Gandhiji after he was introduced to it by Tolstoy. The latter first read about it in German translation of Thirukkural, the great moral treatise in Tamil. S2: Much in the same way that Gandhi was influenced by Tolstoy, in the United States of America, Martin Luther King Jr. shaped his Civil Rights Movement based on Gandhian principles. The second sentence

(a) counters the first
(b) defends the premise of the first
(c) provides an analogy for the first ✓
(d) explains the first

Explanation: S2 explicitly uses 'much in the same way' to draw a parallel between Gandhi being influenced by Tolstoy and MLK Jr. being influenced by Gandhi, making it an analogy for the chain of influence described in S1.

Q.90 [Correlating Sentences]

S1: The best ever cricket captain India has ever had is XYZ. S2: As captain, XYZ has won considerably more matches for India than any other captain. The second sentence

(a) rebuts the first
(b) is the premise for the first ✓
(c) contrasts with the first
(d) dilutes the first

Explanation: S2 provides the statistical basis (most wins) that supports and grounds the claim made in S1, making it the premise or evidence for the assertion in the first sentence.

Q.91 [Usage of Paired Words]

'Compliment' and 'Complement'

(a) Compliment means to synthesise and complement means to praise
(b) Compliment means to go well with and complement means to praise
(c) Compliment means to praise and complement means to blend well with ✓
(d) Compliment means to blend well with and complement means to praise

Explanation: 'Compliment' means to express admiration or praise, while 'complement' means something that completes or goes well with another thing. Option (c) correctly assigns these meanings.

Q.92 [Usage of Paired Words]

'Deify' and 'Defy'

(a) Deify means to confer upon one the status of god and defy means to oppose ✓
(b) Deify means to oppose and defy means to confer upon one the status of god
(c) Deify means to define and defy means to oppose
(d) Deify means to deny and defy means to oppose

Explanation: 'Deify' means to worship or regard as a god, i.e., to confer divine status, while 'defy' means to openly resist or refuse to obey. Option (a) correctly defines both words.

Q.93 [Usage of Paired Words]

'Stationery' and 'Stationary'

(a) Stationery means standing still and stationary means immobile
(b) Stationery means writing and office material and stationary means in station
(c) Stationery means writing and office material and stationary means immobile ✓
(d) Stationery means standing still and stationary means writing and office material

Explanation: 'Stationery' (noun) refers to writing materials such as paper, pens, and envelopes, while 'stationary' (adjective) means not moving or immobile. Option (c) correctly distinguishes them.

Q.94 [Usage of Paired Words]

'Complaisant' and 'Complacent'

(a) Complaisant means overconfident and complacent means eager to please
(b) Complaisant means confident and complacent means overconfident
(c) Complaisant means eager to please and complacent means to manifest universally
(d) Complaisant means eager to please and complacent means overconfident ✓

Explanation: 'Complaisant' means willing to please or obliging (eager to please), while 'complacent' means showing self-satisfaction with little awareness of potential problems — i.e., overconfident or smug. Option (d) is correct.

Q.95 [Usage of Paired Words]

'Enquiry' and 'Inquiry'

(a) Enquiry means to seek information and inquiry means to investigate ✓
(b) Enquiry means to investigate and inquiry means to seek information
(c) Enquiry means to seek information and inquiry means act of investiture
(d) Enquiry means act of investiture and inquiry means to investigate

Explanation: In standard British/international English usage, 'enquiry' refers to asking for information casually, while 'inquiry' denotes a formal investigation. Option (a) correctly captures this distinction.

Q.96 [Usage of Paired Words]

'Masterful' and 'Masterly'

(a) Masterful means imperious and masterly means autocratic
(b) Masterful means skilful and masterly means imperious
(c) Masterful means leader-like and masterly means skilful
(d) Masterful means imperious and masterly means highly skilful ✓

Explanation: 'Masterful' means domineering or imperious (asserting authority), while 'masterly' means performed with great skill or artistry. Option (d) correctly distinguishes the two.

Q.97 [Usage of Paired Words]

'Boarder' and 'Border'

(a) Boarder means a food-and-lodge resident and border means boundary ✓
(b) Boarder means boundary and border means a food-and-lodge resident
(c) Boarder means one who fits planks on the surfaces and border means boundary
(d) Boarder means wider and border means one who fits planks on the surfaces

Explanation: A 'boarder' is a person who pays for regular meals and lodging, while a 'border' is a boundary or edge between two areas. Option (a) is the correct match.

Q.98 [Usage of Paired Words]

'Concurrent' and 'Consecutive'

(a) Concurrent means occurring at the same time and consecutive means occurring one after the other ✓
(b) Concurrent means occurring non-simultaneously and consecutive means occurring one after the other
(c) Concurrent means occurring at the same time and consecutive means occurring thereafter
(d) Concurrent means occurring thereafter and consecutive means occurring at the same time

Explanation: 'Concurrent' means happening at the same time (simultaneously), while 'consecutive' means following in unbroken sequence one after another. Option (a) correctly defines both terms.

Q.99 [Usage of Paired Words]

'Epitaph' and 'Epithet'

(a) Epitaph means a tombstone and epithet means a phrase expressing an attribute
(b) Epitaph means words written on a tombstone and epithet means a phrase expressing an attribute ✓
(c) Epitaph means unspoken words and epithet means a phrase expressing an attribute
(d) Epitaph means words written on a tombstone and epithet means an epigram

Explanation: An 'epitaph' is an inscription on a tombstone or a short text honouring someone who has died, while an 'epithet' is a phrase or word describing a characteristic of a person or thing. Option (b) correctly defines both.

Q.100 [Usage of Paired Words]

'Discomfort' and 'Discomfit'

(a) Discomfort means disturb and discomfit means unfit
(b) Discomfort means unease and discomfit means to embarrass ✓
(c) Discomfort means to embarrass and discomfit means unfit
(d) Discomfort means unfit and discomfit means to make comfortable

Explanation: 'Discomfort' means a state of physical or mental unease, while 'discomfit' means to make someone feel uneasy, confused, or embarrassed. Option (b) correctly distinguishes the two words.

Q.101 [Matching List - Loan Words]

Match List-I (Loan word) with List-II (Meaning). List-I: A. Attaché, B. Aperitif, C. Avant-garde, D. Alibi List-II: 1. New and experimental, 2. Proven fact of being elsewhere, 3. Diplomatic support staff, 4. A drink just before a meal

(a) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
(b) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 ✓
(c) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
(d) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Explanation: Attaché = diplomatic support staff (3); Aperitif = a drink just before a meal (4); Avant-garde = new and experimental (1); Alibi = proven fact of being elsewhere (2). This matches option (b).

Q.102 [Matching List - Loan Words]

Match List-I (Loan word) with List-II (Meaning). List-I: A. Sui generis, B. Facta non verba, C. Mutatis mutandis, D. Non sequitur List-II: 1. Remaining same despite changes, 2. Conclusion not drawn from stated logic, 3. Nothing else like it, 4. Deeds not words

(a) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 ✓
(b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
(c) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
(d) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Explanation: Sui generis = unique, nothing else like it (3); Facta non verba = deeds not words (4); Mutatis mutandis = with the necessary changes having been made, i.e., remaining applicable despite changes (1); Non sequitur = a conclusion that does not follow from stated logic (2). This matches option (a).

Q.103 [Matching List - Loan Words]

Match List-I (Loan word) with List-II (Meaning). List-I: A. Connoisseur, B. Cul-de-sac, C. Dossier, D. Debris List-II: 1. Scattered remains, 2. Collection of documents on someone or something, 3. Street with a closed end, 4. Expert in matters of taste

(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(b) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
(c) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
(d) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 ✓

Explanation: Connoisseur = expert in matters of taste (4); Cul-de-sac = street with a closed end (3); Dossier = collection of documents on someone or something (2); Debris = scattered remains (1). This matches option (d).

Q.104 [Matching List - Loan Words]

Match List-I (Loan word) with List-II (Meaning). List-I: A. Déjà vu, B. Faux pas, C. En route, D. Laissez-faire List-II: 1. Policy of minimal governmental interference, 2. Feeling of having experienced the present, 3. Tactless remark or act, 4. During the course of a journey

(a) A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
(b) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
(c) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 ✓
(d) A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2

Explanation: Déjà vu = feeling of having experienced the present moment before (2); Faux pas = a tactless or socially awkward remark or act (3); En route = during the course of a journey (4); Laissez-faire = policy of minimal governmental interference in the economy (1). This matches option (c).

Q.105 [Matching List - Loan Words]

Match List-I (Loan word) with List-II (Meaning). List-I: A. Facade, B. Liaison, C. Maisonette, D. Beret List-II: 1. Principal front of a building, 2. Round flattish cap, 3. Diplomatic support staff, 4. Rooms with a separate entrance in a building

(a) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
(b) A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2 ✓
(c) A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
(d) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

Explanation: Facade = principal front of a building (1); Liaison = a person who acts as a link between two organisations, i.e., diplomatic support staff (3); Maisonette = rooms with a separate entrance in a building (4); Beret = a round flattish cap (2). This matches option (b).

Q.106 [Vocabulary]

Aplomb

(a) Pride
(b) Self-confidence ✓
(c) Determination
(d) Arrogance

Explanation: Aplomb means self-confidence or assurance, especially in a demanding situation. It does not mean pride or arrogance, which carry different connotations.

Q.107 [Vocabulary]

Condign

(a) Ingredients in culinary activities
(b) Confined to one place
(c) Punishment appropriate to wrongdoing ✓
(d) Formally arranged sit-down dinner

Explanation: Condign means (of punishment or retribution) appropriate to the crime; well-deserved. The word is almost exclusively used in the phrase 'condign punishment'.

Q.108 [Vocabulary]

Incommunicado

(a) Not wanting to or able to communicate ✓
(b) Breakdown and isolation
(c) Communication across semantic barriers
(d) Unbridged destinations

Explanation: Incommunicado means without means of communication, or unwilling or unable to communicate with others — directly matching option (a).

Q.109 [Vocabulary]

Gastronomy

(a) Study of cosmic gases or cosmic dust
(b) Science of flatulence
(c) Study of the digestive system
(d) Art and science of fine food and eating ✓

Explanation: Gastronomy refers to the art and knowledge of good eating and the science of fine food, drink, and culinary culture.

Q.110 [Vocabulary]

Expatriate

(a) To remove from a settled location
(b) Resident outside country of citizenship ✓
(c) Out of court settlement
(d) To congregate outdoors

Explanation: An expatriate (expat) is a person who lives outside their native country; as a verb it means to send (a person) into exile, but the most common meaning is a resident living outside their country of citizenship.

Q.111 [Phrasal Verbs]

She was advised by her coach to ___ form if she wanted to do well in the tournament.

(a) get on ✓
(b) get along
(c) poured over
(d) run over

Explanation: 'Get on form' (or 'get on top form') means to reach or maintain good performance level. 'Get on' fits as a phrasal verb meaning to improve or make progress; the others are contextually inappropriate.

Q.112 [Phrasal Verbs]

She said goodbye and ___ along the road.

(a) tripped out
(b) tripped over
(c) tripped off ✓
(d) tripped in

Explanation: 'Tripped off' (or 'tripped off along') means to leave quickly or go briskly. In context, saying goodbye and moving along the road, 'tripped off' captures the sense of departing lightly and quickly.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.113 [Phrasal Verbs]

The team reported that they had ___ the contract with tooth and comb before forwarding its recommendation.

(a) pored over ✓
(b) plied over
(c) set along
(d) set down

Explanation: 'Pored over' means to study or read something carefully and attentively, which fits examining a contract thoroughly. The phrase 'with tooth and comb' (fine-tooth comb) reinforces careful scrutiny.

Q.114 [Phrasal Verbs]

The boisterous crowd ___ with its merry-making even amidst pouring rain.

(a) played on ✓
(b) flowed on
(c) get done
(d) get back

Explanation: 'Played on' means to continue doing something despite difficulties. The crowd continuing its merry-making in spite of rain fits 'played on' perfectly.

Q.115 [Phrasal Verbs]

The goons ___ the unsuspecting victims when the latter walked into the dark alley.

(a) set upon ✓
(b) set up
(c) set along
(d) set down

Explanation: 'Set upon' means to attack suddenly and violently, which is exactly what goons do to unsuspecting victims in a dark alley.

Q.116 [Commonly Used Words]

S1: What is especially noticeable about the pair is that they always dress impeccably. S2: Lunch is served late in the office, specially on days when there is a board meeting.

(a) S1 is right and S2 is wrong ✓
(b) S1 is wrong and S2 is right
(c) Both S1 and S2 are wrong
(d) Both S1 and S2 are right

Explanation: S1 correctly uses 'especially' (meaning 'above all' or 'particularly'). S2 should use 'especially' not 'specially'; 'specially' means 'for a special purpose' (e.g., 'made specially for you'), not as a general intensifier.

Q.117 [Commonly Used Words]

S1: The matter was resolved amicably between the group even though there were so many of them. S2: Among them the two never have problems sharing what they have.

(a) S1 is right and S2 is wrong
(b) S1 is wrong and S2 is right
(c) Both S1 and S2 are wrong ✓
(d) Both S1 and S2 are right

Explanation: S1 should use 'among' (not 'between') since there are more than two parties. S2 should use 'between' (not 'among') since exactly two people are referred to. Both sentences misuse 'between' and 'among'.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.118 [Commonly Used Words]

S1: We shall have to present ourselves before the Dean and explain our behaviour. S2: They will need to get their act together if they wish to win the contract.

(a) S1 is right and S2 is wrong
(b) S1 is wrong and S2 is right
(c) Both S1 and S2 are wrong
(d) Both S1 and S2 are right ✓

Explanation: S1 correctly uses 'behaviour' (the reflexive 'ourselves' and the context are both correct). S2 correctly uses the idiomatic phrase 'get their act together' meaning to organize and improve performance. Both sentences are grammatically and idiomatically correct.

Q.119 [Commonly Used Words]

S1: I have not seen her since a long time. S2: It has been a while since I saw her.

(a) S1 is right and S2 is wrong
(b) S1 is wrong and S2 is right ✓
(c) Both S1 and S2 are wrong
(d) Both S1 and S2 are right

Explanation: S1 is incorrect; the correct construction is 'for a long time' (not 'since a long time'). 'Since' is used with a point in time, while 'for' is used with a duration. S2 is grammatically correct.

Q.120 [Commonly Used Words]

S1: The teacher enquired whether there is any problem with the question paper. S2: He asked her whether she had some pets at home.

(a) S1 is right and S2 is wrong
(b) S1 is wrong and S2 is right
(c) Both S1 and S2 are wrong ✓
(d) Both S1 and S2 are right

Explanation: S1 should use 'was' instead of 'is' (sequence of tenses in indirect speech: 'enquired' is past, so the subordinate clause should be 'whether there was any problem'). S2 should use 'any' instead of 'some' in a question/indirect question context. Both sentences have errors.

⚠ Answer needs review