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CDS II 2024 English with Solutions

Exam: CDS Year: 2024 (Session II) Questions: 108 Marks: 100 Negative Marking: 1/3

Q.1 [Synonyms]

The leader's views were equivocal on the contentious issue. Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word 'equivocal'.

(a) obscure
(b) ambiguous ✓
(c) clear
(d) vague

Explanation: 'Equivocal' means open to more than one interpretation; deliberately ambiguous. 'Ambiguous' is the closest synonym, while 'obscure' means unclear/dark, 'clear' is the antonym, and 'vague' is weaker in connotation.

Q.2 [Synonyms]

The authorities interacted with a group of mutinous students. Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word 'mutinous'.

(a) unruly
(b) contumacious ✓
(c) seditious
(d) obedient

Explanation: 'Mutinous' means rebelliously disobedient, especially to authority. 'Contumacious' is the most precise synonym meaning stubbornly rebellious/insubordinate, while 'obedient' is the antonym and 'unruly/seditious' are related but less precise.

Q.3 [Synonyms]

His behaviour was quite belligerent. Choose the word that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word 'belligerent'.

(a) bellicose
(b) antagonistic
(c) combative
(d) amiable ✓

Explanation: 'Belligerent' means hostile and aggressive. The question asks for the word that does NOT match (or is opposite); 'amiable' means friendly and pleasant, making it the antonym. Options a, b, and c are all synonyms of belligerent.

Q.4 [Synonyms]

He was effusive in his praise. Choose the word that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word 'effusive'.

(a) exuberant
(b) profuse
(c) voluble
(d) reticent ✓

Explanation: 'Effusive' means expressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained way. 'Reticent' means not revealing one's thoughts, making it the antonym. Options a, b, and c are synonyms of effusive.

Q.5 [Synonyms]

He is often accused of being iniquitous in his conduct. Choose the word that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word 'iniquitous'.

(a) preposterous
(b) execrable
(c) virtuous ✓
(d) revolting

Explanation: 'Iniquitous' means grossly unfair and morally wrong. 'Virtuous' (morally good) is the antonym. 'Execrable' and 'revolting' are synonyms of iniquitous, while 'preposterous' means absurd.

Q.6 [Fill in the Blanks]

Working in dim light ___ eye issues such as glaucoma.

(a) contributes
(b) precipitates ✓
(c) eradicates
(d) eliminates

Explanation: 'Precipitates' means to cause something to happen suddenly or prematurely, which fits the context of dim light causing eye issues. 'Contributes' would need 'to' after it (contributes to), making 'precipitates' the best grammatically complete answer.

Q.7 [Fill in the Blanks]

He owns several sports cars and has an ___ lifestyle.

(a) opulent ✓
(b) occult
(c) ocular
(d) obscure

Explanation: 'Opulent' means ostentatiously rich and luxurious, which perfectly describes someone who owns several sports cars. The other options (occult = supernatural, ocular = relating to eyes, obscure = not well known) do not fit the context.

Q.8 [Fill in the Blanks]

Those medicines, ___ are used to treat kidney infection, have been withdrawn from the market.

(a) what
(b) which ✓
(c) when
(d) who

Explanation: 'Which' is the correct relative pronoun to introduce a non-defining relative clause referring to the non-human noun 'medicines'. 'Who' is for people, 'when' is for time, and 'what' cannot introduce a relative clause in this structure.

Q.9 [Fill in the Blanks]

___ intake of sugar can cause health problems.

(a) Access
(b) Excess of
(c) Excessive ✓
(d) Excessively

Explanation: 'Excessive' is the correct adjective to modify the noun 'intake'. 'Access' is unrelated, 'Excess of' would need to precede a noun directly (excess of sugar), and 'Excessively' is an adverb that cannot modify a noun.

Q.10 [Fill in the Blanks]

She suffered ___ pain because of the leg injury.

(a) hurting
(b) excruciating ✓
(c) consuming
(d) protracting

Explanation: 'Excruciating' means intensely painful, which is the most natural and precise adjective to describe severe pain from an injury. 'Hurting' and 'consuming' are not standard adjective collocations with 'pain' in this context.

Q.11 [Fill in the Blanks]

The country's politics ___ complex, with more than ten parties competing for power.

(a) are ✓
(b) am
(c) is
(d) were

Explanation: 'Politics' when used as a plural noun (referring to political activities/affairs) takes the plural verb 'are'. In British English especially, 'politics' as a subject referring to political activities is treated as plural.

Q.12 [Fill in the Blanks]

The job advertisement stipulates that the applicant ___ three years' experience.

(a) have
(b) had
(c) shall have
(d) must have ✓

Explanation: When an advertisement stipulates a requirement, 'must have' correctly expresses the mandatory condition. 'Have' (subjunctive) is possible in formal writing but 'must have' is the clearest expression of a firm requirement in this context.

Q.13 [Fill in the Blanks]

Newspapers have reported heavy flooding in the coastal areas. The damage ___ be extensive.

(a) expected
(b) is expecting
(c) has been expected
(d) is expected ✓

Explanation: 'Is expected to be extensive' is the correct passive construction expressing an expectation about the current situation. 'Expected' alone lacks an auxiliary verb, and 'is expecting' is active voice which does not fit.

Q.14 [Fill in the Blanks]

The local bank was robbed by a group of men, ___ were armed.

(a) four of whom ✓
(b) four of these
(c) four of those
(d) four whom

Explanation: 'Four of whom' is the correct relative pronoun phrase in a non-defining relative clause referring back to 'men'. 'Whom' is used as the object form of 'who' for people, and 'of whom' correctly indicates a subset of the group.

Q.15 [Fill in the Blanks]

The country ___ several economic changes in the past two decades.

(a) underwent ✓
(b) had undergone
(c) will be undergoing
(d) have been undergoing

Explanation: 'In the past two decades' indicates a completed time period that still connects to the present, typically requiring present perfect, but 'underwent' (simple past) is the best option available. 'Have been undergoing' uses plural verb for a singular subject 'the country', making 'underwent' the correct choice.

Q.16 [Idioms and Phrases]

A watched pot never boils

(a) Surveillance destroys creativity
(b) To experience failure due to over eagerness
(c) To have no chance of achieving something
(d) Desperate anticipation makes time drag on ✓

Explanation: The idiom 'A watched pot never boils' means that when you are eagerly waiting for something to happen, time seems to pass very slowly. Option d captures this meaning of desperate anticipation making time feel longer.

Q.17 [Idioms and Phrases]

Look to your laurels

(a) To make an extra effort to secure one's position ✓
(b) To look suitable for a particular situation
(c) To guard one's trophies
(d) To praise oneself

Explanation: 'Look to your laurels' means to be careful not to lose your superior position to a competitor — to make extra effort to maintain and secure one's achievements or status. Option a is the correct meaning.

Q.18 [Idioms and Phrases]

Play devil's advocate

(a) To try to defeat someone by tricking them
(b) To perform with a lot of skills
(c) To delay doing something
(d) To pretend to be against an idea in order to discuss it more carefully ✓

Explanation: 'Play devil's advocate' means to argue against a position one may not personally oppose, specifically to explore the argument more thoroughly. Option d accurately captures this meaning.

Q.19 [Idioms and Phrases]

Be in the same boat

(a) To say two things in the same breath
(b) To be in the same unpleasant situation ✓
(c) To do something that is dangerous
(d) To pretend to be something that you are not

Explanation: 'Be in the same boat' means to be in the same difficult or unpleasant situation as other people. Option b is the correct and standard definition of this idiom.

Q.20 [Idioms and Phrases]

Tilt at windmills

(a) To be young and inexperienced
(b) To celebrate good news
(c) To blow hot air
(d) To waste time dealing with enemies and problems that do not exist ✓

Explanation: 'Tilt at windmills' originates from Don Quixote's attack on windmills thinking they were giants. It means to waste time and energy fighting imaginary enemies or problems that do not actually exist. Option d is correct.

Q.21 [Sentence Ordering]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: the essence of human resource development is [P] | remedial role in [Q] | balancing the socio-economic fabric of the country [R] | education which plays a significant and [S]

(a) PSQR
(b) PQSR
(c) RSQP ✓
(d) RQSP

Explanation: The logical sentence: 'The essence of human resource development is balancing the socio-economic fabric of the country [R] education which plays a significant and [S] remedial role in [Q] ...[P]'. Reading RSQP: 'balancing the socio-economic fabric of the country / education which plays a significant and / remedial role in / the essence of human resource development is' — reconstructed: 'The essence of human resource development is [P] balancing the socio-economic fabric of the country [R] — education which plays a significant and [S] remedial role [Q].' RQSP gives: 'balancing the socio-economic fabric of the country / remedial role in / the essence of human resource development is / education which plays a significant and' — this doesn't work well. PSQR gives: 'the essence... is / education which plays a significant and / remedial role in / balancing the socio-economic fabric' — this reads: 'the essence of human resource development is education which plays a significant and remedial role in balancing the socio-economic fabric of the country.' This is the most logical sentence (option a = PSQR).

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.22 [Sentence Ordering]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: in this endeavour [P] | gender budgeting is a critical strategy [Q] | is central to mitigate gender inequalities and [R] | financing for gender equality [S]

(a) QPRS
(b) QRPS
(c) SRQP
(d) SPRQ ✓

Explanation: SPRQ: 'financing for gender equality / gender budgeting is a critical strategy / in this endeavour / is central to mitigate gender inequalities and' — doesn't read well. QPRS: 'gender budgeting is a critical strategy / in this endeavour / financing for gender equality / is central to mitigate gender inequalities and' — awkward. SRQP: 'financing for gender equality / in this endeavour / is central to mitigate gender inequalities and / gender budgeting is a critical strategy' — reads: 'In this endeavour, financing for gender equality is central to mitigate gender inequalities and gender budgeting is a critical strategy.' Assembled as PSRQ or checking option (d) SPRQ: 'financing for gender equality [S] / gender budgeting is a critical strategy [P... wait, S=financing, P=in this endeavour, R=is central, Q=gender budgeting'. SPRQ = S+P+R+Q: 'financing for gender equality / in this endeavour / is central to mitigate gender inequalities and / gender budgeting is a critical strategy' — reads: 'In this endeavour, financing for gender equality is central to mitigate gender inequalities and gender budgeting is a critical strategy.' Option (d) SPRQ works best.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.23 [Sentence Ordering]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: balanced diet and are vital items of [P] | are essential ingredients for a wholesome and [Q] | fruit and vegetables [R] | mass consumption [S]

(a) RQPS ✓
(b) RPSQ
(c) SRPQ
(d) SQRP

Explanation: RQPS: 'fruit and vegetables / are essential ingredients for a wholesome and / balanced diet and are vital items of / mass consumption' — reads: 'Fruit and vegetables are essential ingredients for a wholesome and balanced diet and are vital items of mass consumption.' This is perfectly coherent and grammatically correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.24 [Sentence Ordering]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: relating to the reduction of greenhouse gases [P] | and extending financial support to [Q] | developing countries [R] | India's position is reflected in decisions [S]

(a) SRPQ ✓
(b) SPQR
(c) PRSQ
(d) RSPQ

Explanation: SRPQ: 'India's position is reflected in decisions / relating to the reduction of greenhouse gases / and extending financial support to / developing countries' — reads: 'India's position is reflected in decisions relating to the reduction of greenhouse gases and extending financial support to developing countries.' This is perfectly logical and grammatically correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.25 [Sentence Ordering]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: disbursement of pension expeditiously [P] | all efforts are made to process the [Q] | once all requisite documents are received from [R] | the beneficiaries [S]

(a) QPSR ✓
(b) RSQP
(c) PRSQ
(d) SPQR

Explanation: QPSR: 'all efforts are made to process the / disbursement of pension expeditiously / once all requisite documents are received from / the beneficiaries' — reads: 'All efforts are made to process the disbursement of pension expeditiously once all requisite documents are received from the beneficiaries.' This is clear and grammatically correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.26 [Sentence Ordering]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: than interpreting it [P] | combating poverty continues [Q] | understanding poverty is more important [R] | to elude humanity because [S]

(a) QSRP ✓
(b) PRSQ
(c) SRQP
(d) RSPQ

Explanation: QSRP: 'combating poverty continues / to elude humanity because / understanding poverty is more important / than interpreting it' — reads: 'Combating poverty continues to elude humanity because understanding poverty is more important than interpreting it.' This is logically and grammatically sound.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.27 [Sentence Ordering]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: the National Education Policy-2020 envisages [P] | and pedagogy in schools and colleges [Q] | following the liberal approach [R] | a restructuring of existing curriculum [S]

(a) SRQP
(b) PQRS
(c) RPSQ ✓
(d) RQSP

Explanation: RPSQ: 'following the liberal approach / the National Education Policy-2020 envisages / a restructuring of existing curriculum / and pedagogy in schools and colleges' — reads: 'Following the liberal approach, the National Education Policy-2020 envisages a restructuring of existing curriculum and pedagogy in schools and colleges.' Wait, that starts mid-sentence. Actually reading as a complete sentence: PSQR or checking (b) PQRS: 'the National Education Policy-2020 envisages / and pedagogy in schools and colleges / following the liberal approach / a restructuring...' — doesn't work. Option (d) RQSP: 'following the liberal approach / a restructuring of existing curriculum / the National Education Policy-2020 envisages / and pedagogy in schools and colleges' — awkward. Option (c) RPSQ reads best as: 'Following the liberal approach, the National Education Policy-2020 envisages a restructuring of existing curriculum and pedagogy in schools and colleges.' This is grammatically correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.28 [Sentence Ordering]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: the Amazon Basin in the central north [P] | America's physiography is [Q] | in the west and [R] | dominated by the Andes Mountains [S]

(a) RSPQ
(b) SPRQ
(c) QSRP ✓
(d) PQRS

Explanation: QSRP: 'America's physiography is / dominated by the Andes Mountains / in the west and / the Amazon Basin in the central north' — reads: 'America's physiography is dominated by the Andes Mountains in the west and the Amazon Basin in the central north.' This is geographically accurate and grammatically correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.29 [Sentence Ordering]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: encompassing a great many [P] | has been eclectic [Q] | historically and culturally Indian society [R] | differences and contradictions [S]

(a) RQPS ✓
(b) RSQP
(c) PQRS
(d) PQSR

Explanation: RQPS: 'historically and culturally Indian society / has been eclectic / encompassing a great many / differences and contradictions' — reads: 'Historically and culturally, Indian society has been eclectic, encompassing a great many differences and contradictions.' This is perfectly logical and grammatically correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.30 [Sentence Ordering]

Rearrange the following parts P, Q, R, S to form a meaningful sentence: systems of India and is considered [P] | the Siddha system is [Q] | to be a form of age-old experiential wisdom [R] | one of the ancient comprehensive medical [S]

(a) RPSQ
(b) QSPR ✓
(c) PSQR
(d) PRSQ

Explanation: QSPR: 'the Siddha system is / one of the ancient comprehensive medical / systems of India and is considered / to be a form of age-old experiential wisdom' — reads: 'The Siddha system is one of the ancient comprehensive medical systems of India and is considered to be a form of age-old experiential wisdom.' This is perfectly logical and grammatically correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.31 [Sentence Ordering (S1-S6)]

S1: Indian defence forces are fully aligned with national agenda of Atmanirbhar Bharat and have already embarked in mission mode. S6: The lists intend to implement ban on import of these items in a staggered manner up to 2025 and promote indigenous production. P: Projects fielded are aimed to encourage indigenization of defence technologies and reduce dependence on import. Q: This will provide opportunity to the Indian industry to harness their potential and build an ecosystem which can sustain itself by being responsive to the needs of the defence forces. R: Two Positive Indigenization Lists, comprising 101 and 108 items respectively, have been issued. S: As a result, the Indian defence industry will be apprised about the anticipated requirements of the armed forces and is thus better prepared to realize its goal. Find the correct sequence of P, Q, R, S.

(a) PSRQ ✓
(b) QPRS
(c) QSRP
(d) SRPQ

Explanation: PSRQ: S1 → P (projects aimed at indigenization) → S (as a result, industry better prepared) → R (Two Positive Indigenization Lists issued) → Q (opportunity for Indian industry) → S6 (lists intend to ban imports). This logical flow from policy intent to implementation to outcome matches well.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.32 [Sentence Ordering (S1-S6)]

S1: Our Constitution makers were fully conscious of the fact that the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes had been oppressed and underprivileged sections of our society over the centuries and they deserved a special dispensation so that their condition may be vastly improved. S6: This provision found place in Article 330 and Article 332 of the Constitution. P: For this purpose, several special provisions were incorporated in our Constitution. Q: Similarly, they were also sensitive of the difficulties and problems which were likely to be faced by the persons belonging to the Anglo-Indian community in the country. R: One such provision related to the reservation of seats for these communities in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies. S: Consequently, adequate safeguards were provided for these communities in our Constitution. Find the correct sequence of P, Q, R, S.

(a) SQRP
(b) SPRQ ✓
(c) QPRS
(d) QRSP

Explanation: SPRQ: S1 → S (adequate safeguards provided) → P (several special provisions incorporated) → R (one provision: reservation of seats) → Q (similarly, Anglo-Indian community) → S6 (Article 330 and 332). Wait, Q introduces Anglo-Indians but S6 mentions Article 330/332 which covers SCs/STs and Anglo-Indians. PRSQ also works: P (provisions incorporated) → R (one provision: reservation) → S (safeguards provided) → Q (Anglo-Indians). But option (b) SPRQ: S (safeguards) → P (provisions) → R (reservation of seats) → Q (Anglo-Indians) → S6 (Articles 330/332). This flows logically from general safeguards to specific provisions to specific reservation to Anglo-Indians.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.33 [Sentence Ordering (S1-S6)]

S1: Startup India is a flagship initiative of the Government of India. S6: Launched in 2016, Startup India has rolled out several programmes with the objective of supporting entrepreneurs and building up a robust startup ecosystem. P: It envisions transforming India into a country of job creators instead of job seekers. Q: It intends to catalyse the startup culture and build a strong and inclusive ecosystem for innovation and entrepreneurship in India. R: These programmes are managed by a dedicated Startup India team, which reports to DPIIT. S: Under the Startup India scheme, eligible companies can get recognized as startups in order to access a host of tax benefits, easier compliance, IPR fast-tracking and other benefits. Find the correct sequence of P, Q, R, S.

(a) PQSR ✓
(b) PSQR
(c) PSRQ
(d) RSQP

Explanation: PQSR: S1 → P (envisions job creators) → Q (intends to catalyse startup culture) → S (eligible companies get recognised) → R (programmes managed by Startup India team) → S6 (launched in 2016, programmes rolled out). This flows logically: vision → intent → benefits → implementation → launch/programs.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.34 [Sentence Ordering (S1-S6)]

S1: In India the first Livestock Census was conducted during 1919–1920. S6: The main objective of the census is to provide information on livestock population, species-wise and breed-wise, along with age, sex-composition, etc., in rural and urban areas. P: Since its inception it is being conducted quinquennially by all States/UTs. Q: The 20th Livestock Census was conducted with participation of Animal Husbandry Departments of States/UTs. R: This five-yearly census is the only source which gives disaggregated information on various species of animals and poultry birds. S: For the first time, data was collected through tablet computers, which reduced the time gap in data collection, data processing and report generation. Find the correct sequence of P, Q, R, S.

(a) PRSQ ✓
(b) PSQR
(c) QRSP
(d) QSPR

Explanation: PRSQ: S1 → P (conducted quinquennially since inception) → R (five-yearly census, only disaggregated source) → S (first time tablet computers used) → Q (20th Census conducted) → S6 (objective of census). This flows from history to frequency to significance to innovation to latest census to objective.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.35 [Sentence Ordering (S1-S6)]

S1: India has been a welfare state since Independence. S6: Ensuring rural welfare has been one of the main objectives of planned development in India. P: The policies and programmes have been designed with the aim of alleviation of rural poverty. Q: The primary objective of all governmental endeavours has been the welfare of its rural population. R: It was realized that a sustainable strategy of poverty alleviation has to be based on increasing the productive employment opportunities in the process of growth itself. S: Elimination of poverty, ignorance, diseases and inequality of opportunities, and providing a better quality of life were the basic premise upon which all the plans of the development were built. Find the correct sequence of P, Q, R, S.

(a) PRSQ
(b) QPSR ✓
(c) RQSP
(d) SRPQ

Explanation: QPSR: S1 → Q (primary objective: welfare of rural population) → P (policies designed for rural poverty alleviation) → S (elimination of poverty was basic premise) → R (sustainable strategy based on productive employment) → S6 (ensuring rural welfare as main objective). This flows logically from objective to policies to premise to strategy to conclusion.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.36 [Sentence Ordering (S1-S6)]

S1: Covid-19 pandemic threw a lot of challenges on the entire economy. S6: The migration took place due to the temporary shutting down of industries and other sectors. P: The biggest challenge was reverse migration of urban migrants/poor in the country. Q: Hence, they need decent rental housing at affordable rate near their worksites. R: These urban migrants stay in slums, informal settlements, unauthorized colonies, peri-urban areas to save cost on housing. S: In order to address this need and to promote economic activities post pandemic, MoHUA initiated ARHCs, a sub-scheme under PMAY(U). Find the correct sequence of P, Q, R, S.

(a) PQRS
(b) SRQP
(c) QSRP
(d) RSPQ ✓

Explanation: RSPQ: S1 → R (urban migrants stay in slums to save on housing) → S (MoHUA initiated ARHCs to address this need) → P (biggest challenge: reverse migration) → Q (hence, need decent rental housing) → S6 (migration due to shutting down of industries). Wait, this doesn't flow perfectly. Let me try PRQS: not an option. Option (d) RSPQ: R (migrants stay in slums) → S (MoHUA initiated ARHCs) → P (biggest challenge: reverse migration) → Q (need rental housing) — not ideal order. Option (a) PQRS: P (reverse migration biggest challenge) → Q (need rental housing) → R (migrants stay in slums) → S (MoHUA initiated ARHCs) → S6. This flows: challenge identified → housing need → current situation → government response → cause of migration. Option (a) PQRS is most logical.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.37 [Sentence Ordering (S1-S6)]

S1: Press Trust of India (PTI) is a non-profit making cooperative owned by the country's newspapers with a mandate to provide effective and unbiased news to all subscribers. S6: Bhasha is the Hindi language news service of the agency. P: It offers its news services in English and Hindi languages. Q: Over 500 newspapers and several news services subscribe to PTI, including many overseas news entities. R: PTI now has its own satellite delivery system. S: Increasingly, more and more subscribers are opting for satellite reception. Find the correct sequence of P, Q, R, S.

(a) QRSP
(b) QPSR ✓
(c) RPSQ
(d) RQSP

Explanation: QPSR: S1 → Q (500+ newspapers subscribe) → P (offers services in English and Hindi) → S (subscribers opting for satellite) → R (PTI has own satellite delivery system) → S6 (Bhasha is Hindi service). Wait, S before R doesn't make sense — you'd mention the satellite system before saying subscribers are opting for it. QPRS: Q → P → R (satellite system) → S (subscribers opting for it) → S6. That's option (a) QRSP: Q → R (satellite system) → S (subscribers opting for satellite) → P (English and Hindi services) → S6 — P after S is odd. Option (b) QPSR: Q → P (English/Hindi) → S (opting for satellite) → R (satellite system) — S before R is illogical. Option (a) QRSP: Q (subscribers) → R (satellite system) → S (opting for satellite) → P (English and Hindi) → S6 (Bhasha = Hindi). The flow Q→R→S makes sense (subscribers → satellite delivery → opting for it), and P→S6 connects (English/Hindi → Bhasha is Hindi service). QRSP = option (a).

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.38 [Sentence Ordering (S1-S6)]

S1: The National School of Drama (NSD) was set up by the Sangeet Natak Akademi in 1959. S6: In 1975, it became an autonomous organisation. P: The eligible applicants for admission are screened through two stages. Q: Post admission, the students at NSD are required to undergo training of three year's duration. R: The objective of the NSD is to train students in all aspects of theatre, including theatre history, production, scene design, costume design, lighting, make-up, etc. S: The NSD has promoted Children's Theatre as well. Find the correct sequence of P, Q, R, S.

(a) PQRS
(b) SRQP
(c) QSRP
(d) RSPQ ✓

Explanation: RSPQ: S1 → R (objective: train students in all aspects of theatre) → S (NSD promoted Children's Theatre) → P (applicants screened in two stages) → Q (post admission, three years training) → S6 (became autonomous in 1975). Wait, P and Q relate to admission process which should come before discussing training outcomes. RSPQ: R (objective) → S (Children's Theatre) → P (screening) → Q (training) — this jumps oddly. Option (d) RSPQ: R → S → P → Q: objective → children's theatre → screening → training. But it's odd to go from objective to children's theatre to admission. Let me reconsider: RPSQ: R (objective) → P (screening) → S... not an option. Option (a) PQRS: P (screening) → Q (training) → R (objective) → S (children's theatre) — objective comes late, awkward. SRQP (b): S (children's theatre) → R (objective) → Q (training) → P (screening) — reversed admission process. RSPQ seems best: establish objective, note special program, then admission process, then training. Option (d) RSPQ is the answer.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.39 [Sentence Ordering (S1-S6)]

S1: Gaganyaan is a national programme wherein ISRO is leveraging the domain expertise of various agencies for expediting its execution. S6: A new ISRO centre, Human Spaceflight Centre has been formed for Low Earth Orbit flights. P: The Gaganyaan Programme marks an inflection point in the growth profile of India's space endeavour. Q: With this programme, a new vertical has been created within ISRO to steer this growth. R: This new vertical envisages undertaking the demonstration of human space flight to Low Earth Orbit in the short-term. S: It will lay the foundation for a sustained Indian human space exploration programme in the long run. Find the correct sequence of P, Q, R, S.

(a) QPRS
(b) QSRP
(c) RSPQ
(d) SPRQ ✓

Explanation: SPRQ: S1 → S (lay foundation for sustained space programme) → P (inflection point in growth) → R (new vertical for LEO demonstration) → Q (new vertical created) → S6 (Human Spaceflight Centre formed). Hmm, R before Q is odd as Q introduces the new vertical. Let me try PQRS: P (inflection point) → Q (new vertical created) → R (vertical envisages LEO) → S (foundation for long-term) → S6. This is logical but not an option. Option (d) SPRQ: S (foundation for long run) → P (inflection point) → R (new vertical for LEO) → Q (new vertical created) → S6. R before Q seems odd. Option (a) QPRS: Q (new vertical created) → P (inflection point) → R (vertical envisages LEO) → S (foundation for long run) → S6. This flows well: new vertical → significance → short-term goal → long-term foundation → new centre. Option (a) QPRS is the best answer.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.40 [Sentence Ordering (S1-S6)]

S1: India has the largest youth population in the world. S6: Other Ministries and the State Governments are also working to support youth development and to enable productive youth participation. P: Youth represent the most dynamic and vibrant segment of the population. Q: The Department has also recognised adolescents as an important segment of the youth. R: To optimally tap their constructive and creative energies, the Department of Youth Affairs pursues the twin objectives of personality development and nation building. S: The role of the Department of Youth Affairs is to act as a facilitator and catalytic agent for youth development. Find the correct sequence of P, Q, R, S.

(a) PSRQ ✓
(b) QRPS
(c) RPQS
(d) SPRQ

Explanation: PSRQ: S1 → P (youth: most dynamic segment) → S (role of Department: facilitator) → R (Department pursues twin objectives) → Q (Department recognised adolescents) → S6 (other ministries also working). This flows: youth significance → Department's role → its objectives → specific focus on adolescents → broader governmental effort. This is the most logical sequence.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.41 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

Consequently, this poses a threat to agriculture and human health. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word 'Consequently'.

(a) Adjective
(b) Adverb ✓
(c) Verb
(d) Noun

Explanation: 'Consequently' modifies the entire clause by indicating a result, functioning as a conjunctive adverb. Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, or entire sentences/clauses.

Q.42 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

His only answer was a grunt. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word 'grunt'.

(a) Noun ✓
(b) Adjective
(c) Pronoun
(d) Determiner

Explanation: 'Grunt' here names a sound/thing and functions as a predicate nominative (subject complement), making it a noun.

Q.43 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

To swim every day is good for health. Identify the part of speech of the underlined phrase 'To swim'.

(a) Participle
(b) Infinitive verb ✓
(c) Gerund
(d) Adjective

Explanation: 'To swim' is a 'to-infinitive' form of the verb that functions as the subject of the sentence; it is classified as an infinitive verb (nominal infinitive).

Q.44 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

I didn't tell him anything except that I needed the money. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word 'except'.

(a) Adjective
(b) Adverb
(c) Preposition
(d) Conjunction ✓

Explanation: Here 'except' is followed by a full clause ('that I needed the money'), so it functions as a subordinating conjunction, not a preposition.

Q.45 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

She married at 18 and gave birth to her first child shortly thereafter. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word 'thereafter'.

(a) Pronoun
(b) Determiner
(c) Adjective
(d) Adverb ✓

Explanation: 'Thereafter' means 'after that time' and modifies the verb phrase, functioning as an adverb of time.

Q.46 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

He is one of the tallest boys in his class. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word 'his'.

(a) Possessive Pronoun ✓
(b) Noun
(c) Reflexive Pronoun
(d) Numeral Adjective

Explanation: 'His' here is used independently (not before a noun — 'his class' uses it as a possessive adjective; but the question underlines 'his' as possessive pronoun modifying 'class'). However, when 'his' modifies a noun ('his class'), it acts as a possessive adjective/determiner. Given the options, the best answer is Possessive Pronoun as the CDS standard treats possessive forms as pronouns.

Q.47 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

The mighty river Brahmaputra flows through the plains of Assam. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word 'mighty'.

(a) Adverb
(b) Adjective ✓
(c) Noun
(d) Pronoun

Explanation: 'Mighty' is an adjective that describes/modifies the noun 'river'.

Q.48 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

The money which one earns is not the money for himself, it is for the family and society. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word 'which'.

(a) Noun
(b) Pronoun ✓
(c) Verb
(d) Adverb

Explanation: 'Which' is a relative pronoun that introduces a relative clause and refers back to the antecedent 'money'.

Q.49 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

The Principal said, "We should always be disciplined." Identify the part of speech of the underlined word 'always'.

(a) Preposition
(b) Adverb ✓
(c) Adjective
(d) Determiner

Explanation: 'Always' is a frequency adverb that modifies the verb phrase 'should be disciplined'.

Q.50 [Grammar - Parts of Speech]

The river that flows through the village is a tributary of the Cauvery. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word 'that'.

(a) Pronoun ✓
(b) Noun
(c) Verb
(d) Adjective

Explanation: 'That' here is a relative pronoun introducing a relative clause ('that flows through the village') and refers to the antecedent 'river'.

Q.51 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage I: It must not be imagined that a walking tour, as some would have us fancy, is merely a better or worse way of seeing the country... [full passage as given]. According to the passage, what is the primary purpose of a walking tour?

(a) Seeing the landscape
(b) Quest of the picturesque
(c) Longing for pleasure ✓
(d) Desire for education

Explanation: The passage states the walker voyages for 'certain jolly humours — of the hope and spirit with which the march begins at morning, and the peace and spiritual repletion of the evening's rest', emphasising pleasure; 'so pleasure leads on to pleasure in an endless chain.'

Q.52 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage I (same as Q51). According to the passage, a walking tour should be gone upon alone because:

(a) It is more in the nature of a picnic.
(b) He may put his knapsack on, or take it off, with more delight.
(c) It will add to individual excitement.
(d) It will provide freedom which is of the utmost importance. ✓

Explanation: The passage explicitly states: 'a walking tour should be gone upon alone, because freedom is of the essence'.

Q.53 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage I (same as Q51). According to the passage, what can adversely affect the walking tour?

(a) Walking and talking at the same time ✓
(b) Walking to rise above the everyday worries of life
(c) Walking to experience the beauty of the surroundings
(d) Walking to meditate in silence

Explanation: The passage quotes Hazlitt: 'I cannot see the wit of walking and talking at the same time', and adds 'There should be no cackle of voices at your elbow, to jar on the meditative silence of the morning.'

Q.54 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage I (same as Q51). According to the passage, how should a walking tour conclude?

(a) With the meditative peace above the real surroundings
(b) With a peace that delights you ✓
(c) With the impressions of the surroundings
(d) With the sounds of the birds around you

Explanation: The passage ends by describing the outcome of walking as 'a peace that passes comprehension', which corresponds most closely to option (b) — a peace that delights you.

Q.55 [Reading Comprehension - Vocabulary]

Passage I (same as Q51). What is the meaning of the word 'dilettantes' in the passage?

(a) Persons who cultivate an aesthetic pursuit without real interest ✓
(b) Professionals
(c) Morning joggers
(d) Schooled travellers

Explanation: 'Dilettante' refers to a person who takes up an art or activity superficially, without serious commitment — i.e., one who cultivates an aesthetic pursuit without real interest or depth.

Q.56 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage II: Historical analysis combines several levels of thinking and study... [full passage as given]. Which of the following does not amount to historical analysis?

(a) Posing a question about the past, setting up the problem in a form intended to facilitate its solution.
(b) Solving the problem and verifying the solution or interpretation.
(c) Combines several levels of thinking and study to arrive at a conclusion.
(d) Drawing from evidence to make impressionistic and informal conclusion. ✓

Explanation: The passage states that formal academic history relies on 'rational and systematic apprehension of relevant evidence', and impressionistic/informal responses are a broader subset outside formal historical analysis. Drawing solely impressionistic and informal conclusions does not constitute rigorous historical analysis.

Q.57 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage II (same as Q56). 'The many genres of academic and popular history run the full gamut from logically systematic to impressionistic' means:

(a) The range of texts varies from those based on objective analysis and those based on subjective assertions. ✓
(b) Historical analysis that is rarely vague to that which establishes evidence.
(c) Historical analysis that is always vague to that which establishes no evidence.
(d) Historical analysis that is rarely systematic to that which establishes evidence.

Explanation: 'Logically systematic' corresponds to objective/formal analysis, and 'impressionistic' corresponds to subjective assertion. Option (a) correctly captures this full range.

Q.58 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage II (same as Q56). What, according to the author, makes historians come to conflicting conclusions? 1. They are influenced by their philosophical beliefs in asking questions on the same data. 2. They apply different interpretations on the same data. 3. They go for the primary data and evidence. 4. They are influenced by the current political developments. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only ✓
(b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Explanation: The passage says 'the varying philosophies lead to quite different ways of posing questions and answers' (statement 1) and 'historians can rely on similar data yet come to different or conflicting conclusions' due to different analytical priorities (statement 2). Statements 3 and 4 are not supported by the passage.

Q.59 [Reading Comprehension - Vocabulary]

Passage II (same as Q56). Which word(s) from the passage can be substituted for the assertion that 'all events and human actions are ultimately shaped by causes external to the will'?

(a) Impressionistic
(b) Idealist approach to history
(c) Deterministic relationship ✓
(d) Dialectics

Explanation: 'Determinism' holds that all events are causally determined by prior causes external to individual will. The passage mentions 'seeking deterministic relationship' in the context of positivism, which aligns with this definition.

Q.60 [Reading Comprehension]

Passage II (same as Q56). Which one of the following relates to the post-modernist approach to History?

(a) Post-modernist approach builds on positivism.
(b) Post-modernist approach emphasises interaction among aspects of a problem. ✓
(c) Post-modernist approach rejects both; the separation of problems into sub-problems and interaction among them.
(d) Post-modernist approach supports separation of problems and interaction among them.

Explanation: The passage explicitly states that post-modernism rejects 'the positivist separation of problems into discrete sub-problems' and emphasises 'interaction among aspects of a problem', making (b) the correct answer.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.61 [Grammar – Prepositions/Conjunctions]

I saw Nandini ___________ she was waiting for the bus.

(a) during
(b) while ✓
(c) on
(d) for

Explanation: 'While' introduces a simultaneous action clause ('she was waiting for the bus'). 'During' requires a noun phrase, not a clause.

Q.62 [Grammar – Prepositions]

This sauce has to be used _____________ 23rd September.

(a) by ✓
(b) for
(c) into
(d) with

Explanation: 'By' indicates a deadline — the sauce must be used no later than 23rd September. The other prepositions do not fit this context.

Q.63 [Grammar – Prepositions]

I'll be working on this report _______ 10:30 p.m.

(a) during
(b) since
(c) until ✓
(d) in

Explanation: 'Until' expresses continuation up to a specific point in time. 'Since' requires a perfect tense and 'during' requires a noun phrase.

Q.64 [Grammar – Quantifiers]

I have _________ energy left to complete the work.

(a) few
(b) many
(c) little ✓
(d) any

Explanation: 'Energy' is an uncountable noun; 'little' is the correct quantifier for uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences. 'Few' and 'many' are used with countable nouns.

Q.65 [Grammar – Quantifiers]

I had _________ trouble finding the house.

(a) any
(b) some ✓
(c) few
(d) all

Explanation: 'Trouble' is uncountable; 'some' is the appropriate quantifier in affirmative statements. 'Few' is for countable nouns; 'any' is typically used in negatives or questions.

Q.66 [Grammar – Quantifiers]

___________ of these officers are very well-trained.

(a) Much
(b) Not
(c) Most ✓
(d) One

Explanation: 'Most' is the correct quantifier meaning the majority of a group, and it agrees with the plural verb 'are'. 'Much' is for uncountable nouns; 'One' would require a singular verb.

Q.67 [Grammar – Articles]

I don't like going to _________ dentist.

(a) these
(b) an
(c) the ✓
(d) no article

Explanation: When referring to a specific professional in their professional capacity (visiting one's dentist), the definite article 'the' is used. This is a standard English idiom: 'go to the dentist/doctor'.

Q.68 [Grammar – Prepositions]

They placed the African elephant _________ their endangered list.

(a) in
(b) at
(c) about
(d) on ✓

Explanation: The fixed collocation is 'place/put something on a list'. 'On' is the correct preposition with 'list'.

Q.69 [Grammar – Articles]

________ travel industry is changing rapidly.

(a) An
(b) A
(c) The ✓
(d) no article

Explanation: 'The travel industry' refers to a specific, well-known industry, so the definite article 'the' is required. Generic industries require 'the' when used as a unique concept.

Q.70 [Grammar – Articles]

She is _________ MP from Rajasthan.

(a) any
(b) a
(c) an ✓
(d) no article

Explanation: 'MP' is pronounced starting with the vowel sound /em/, so the article 'an' is used (not 'a'). Articles are chosen based on pronunciation, not spelling.

Q.71 [Error Spotting]

Everything (a) what happened (b) was because of my actions. (c) No error. (d)

(a) Everything
(b) what happened ✓
(c) was because of my actions
(d) No error

Explanation: After 'everything', the correct relative pronoun is 'that', not 'what'. The sentence should read 'Everything that happened was because of my actions.'

Q.72 [Error Spotting]

Some people (a) could write well (b) while others didn't. (c) No error (d)

(a) Some people
(b) could write well ✓
(c) while others didn't
(d) No error

Explanation: For parallel structure with the past tense 'didn't' in part (c), part (b) should use simple past 'wrote well' instead of 'could write well', or alternatively part (c) should say 'while others couldn't'. The tense/modal mismatch makes (b) the error.

Q.73 [Error Spotting]

The police are working hard (a) until they are able to (b) arrest the culprits. (c) No error (d)

(a) The police are working hard
(b) until they are able to ✓
(c) arrest the culprits
(d) No error

Explanation: The conjunction 'until' implies waiting for something to happen, which is contradictory here. The correct conjunction should be 'so that' — 'working hard so that they are able to arrest the culprits'. 'Until' suggests stopping work once they arrest, but the logic here requires purpose, not limit.

Q.74 [Error Spotting]

Since he was going to live in South Korea for some time, (a) he thought he should (b) learn something about their culture. (c) No error (d)

(a) Since he was going to live in South Korea for some time,
(b) he thought he should
(c) learn something about their culture ✓
(d) No error

Explanation: 'Their culture' is incorrect because 'South Korea' is a singular country and requires the pronoun 'its', not 'their'. The sentence should read 'its culture'.

Q.75 [Error Spotting]

The company's phenomenal success are largely due to the new director and his team. (a–c) No error (d)

(a) The company's phenomenal success
(b) are largely due to the new director and his team ✓
(c) No error part c not separately marked
(d) No error

Explanation: 'Success' is a singular noun, so the verb should be 'is' not 'are'. The correct sentence is 'The company's phenomenal success is largely due to the new director and his team.'

Q.76 [Error Spotting]

I am owning (a) two houses (b) in Bengaluru. (c) No error (d)

(a) I am owning ✓
(b) two houses
(c) in Bengaluru
(d) No error

Explanation: 'Own' is a stative verb and cannot be used in the continuous form. The correct form is 'I own two houses in Bengaluru.'

Q.77 [Error Spotting]

A boy was injured (a) in the accident and was taken (b) onto hospital. (c) No error (d)

(a) A boy was injured
(b) in the accident and was taken
(c) onto hospital ✓
(d) No error

Explanation: The correct preposition is 'to' not 'onto' — one is taken 'to hospital' (British English) or 'to the hospital'. 'Onto' implies movement on top of a surface.

Q.78 [Error Spotting]

Mr. Malhotra is a historian (a) who's books (b) have won international acclaim. (c) No error (d)

(a) Mr. Malhotra is a historian
(b) who's books ✓
(c) have won international acclaim
(d) No error

Explanation: 'Who's' is a contraction of 'who is', but the possessive form 'whose' is needed here. The correct phrase is 'whose books'.

Q.79 [Error Spotting]

I hate it (a) when I break (b) in hives. (c) No error (d)

(a) I hate it
(b) when I break
(c) in hives ✓
(d) No error

Explanation: The correct idiomatic expression is 'break out in hives', not 'break in hives'. The preposition 'out' is missing, making (c) the error.

Q.80 [Error Spotting]

Either Vikas (a) or his friends (b) is going to cook dinner. (c) No error (d)

(a) Either Vikas
(b) or his friends
(c) is going to cook dinner ✓
(d) No error

Explanation: With 'either…or', the verb agrees with the subject closest to it. The subject closest to the verb is 'his friends' (plural), so the verb should be 'are going to cook dinner', not 'is'.

Q.81 [Vocabulary – Synonyms]

The village headman was old and cantankerous.

(a) polite
(b) ill-tempered ✓
(c) weak
(d) serious

Explanation: 'Cantankerous' means bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative. 'Ill-tempered' is the closest synonym among the options.

Q.82 [Vocabulary – Synonyms]

Psychological problems among the youth can be attributed to the pernicious influence of the Internet.

(a) harmful ✓
(b) innocuous
(c) positive
(d) tricky

Explanation: 'Pernicious' means having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way. 'Harmful' is the correct synonym; 'innocuous' is actually its antonym.

Q.83 [Vocabulary]

Our teacher told us not to be verbose while writing. The underlined word 'verbose' means the opposite of which of the following?

(a) exaggerate
(b) short
(c) informal
(d) succinct ✓

Explanation: 'Verbose' means using more words than necessary; its antonym is 'succinct' (brief and clear). The teacher was advising against wordiness, so 'succinct' is the correct antonym implied.

Q.84 [Vocabulary]

The actor narrated the story in a resonant voice. The underlined word 'resonant' is closest in meaning to which option?

(a) soft
(b) harsh
(c) deep ✓
(d) quivering

Explanation: 'Resonant' means deep, clear, and continuing to sound; it describes a full, deep quality of voice, making 'deep' the correct match.

Q.85 [Vocabulary]

They were fed-up with his doltish behaviour. The underlined word 'doltish' means which of the following?

(a) wise
(b) imbecilic ✓
(c) clever
(d) precocious

Explanation: 'Doltish' means stupid or foolish (like a dolt); 'imbecilic' is the closest synonym among the options.

Q.86 [Word Meanings]

Identify the correct meaning(s) of the word 'Anarchism': 1. Absence of government and/or authority 2. Chaos and disorder in the absence of government

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 ✓
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: Anarchism in political philosophy refers to the absence of government/authority (meaning 1), and in popular usage it also connotes chaos and disorder resulting from that absence (meaning 2). Both are accepted meanings.

Q.87 [Word Meanings]

Identify the correct meaning(s) of the word 'Pristine': 1. In the original condition 2. In the defiled condition

(a) 1 only ✓
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: 'Pristine' means in its original, unspoilt, or pure condition. Meaning 2 (defiled condition) is the opposite and is incorrect.

Q.88 [Word Meanings]

Identify the correct meaning(s) of the word 'Enormity': 1. The fact of something being serious and grave 2. Abominable crime or sin

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 ✓
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: 'Enormity' traditionally means the extreme seriousness or gravity of something (meaning 1) as well as a wicked or monstrous act (meaning 2). Both senses are recorded in standard dictionaries.

Q.89 [Word Meanings]

Identify the correct meaning(s) of the word 'Quotidian': 1. To quote inaccurately 2. Someone fond of quoting others

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 ✓

Explanation: 'Quotidian' means daily or ordinary/commonplace. Neither 'to quote inaccurately' nor 'someone fond of quoting' is a correct meaning of this word.

Q.90 [Word Meanings]

Identify the correct meaning(s) of the word 'Immolate': 1. To kill somebody or self by burning 2. To kill somebody or self or an animal as an act of sacrifice

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 ✓
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: 'Immolate' means to kill or offer as a sacrifice, typically by burning. Both meanings — burning and sacrificial killing — are core to the word's definition.

Q.91 [Word Meanings]

Identify the correct meaning(s) of the word 'Minimise': 1. Reduce something to the smallest possible degree 2. Reduce expenses, or the degree of anything or of any activity

(a) 1 only ✓
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: 'Minimise' specifically means to reduce something to the smallest possible amount or degree. Meaning 2 is too broad and vague; the precise definition is meaning 1.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.92 [Word Meanings]

Identify the correct meaning(s) of the word 'Deify': 1. To treat someone in high office with utmost reverence 2. Worship or treat someone as a god

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only ✓
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: 'Deify' means to worship or regard someone as a god. Meaning 1 is too narrow and imprecise — deifying is not merely showing reverence to someone in high office; it specifically involves treating them as divine.

Q.93 [Word Meanings]

Identify the correct meaning(s) of the word 'Raconteur': 1. Someone who is capable of telling stories in an interesting manner 2. Somebody who believes in only telling tall tales

(a) 1 only ✓
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: A 'raconteur' is a person who tells anecdotes in a skilful and entertaining way. Meaning 2 (telling only tall tales) adds an inaccurate connotation not present in the word's definition.

Q.94 [Word Meanings]

Identify the correct meaning(s) of the word 'Emasculate': 1. Making someone strong and powerful 2. Increase one's musculature

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 ✓

Explanation: 'Emasculate' means to deprive of strength or vitality, or to make weaker — the opposite of both suggested meanings. Neither meaning is correct.

Q.95 [Word Meanings]

Identify the correct meaning(s) of the word 'Perturbation': 1. Mental anxiety and disturbance 2. Deviation of a system or moving object caused by an outside influence

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 ✓
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: 'Perturbation' is used both in everyday language to mean anxiety or mental unease (meaning 1) and in science/physics to mean a disturbance or deviation in a system caused by an external force (meaning 2). Both are correct.

Q.96 [Grammar — Prepositions]

Identify the sentence(s) in which the underlined words have been used correctly: 1. In spite the cold he decided to climb the mountain top. 2. Despite of the warning she was determined to swim the entire distance.

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 ✓

Explanation: Sentence 1 is wrong — the correct phrase is 'in spite of', not 'in spite'. Sentence 2 is wrong — the correct usage is 'despite', not 'despite of'. Neither sentence is grammatically correct.

Q.97 [Grammar — Vocabulary in Context]

Identify the sentence(s) in which the underlined words have been used correctly: 1. The issue of human rights is immanent in the constitution of most countries. 2. They invited an imminent person as the chief guest for the event.

(a) 1 only ✓
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: 'Immanent' means inherent or existing within something, making sentence 1 correct. Sentence 2 misuses 'imminent' (about to happen soon) where 'eminent' (distinguished/prominent) should be used.

Q.98 [Grammar — Prepositions/Vocabulary]

Identify the sentence(s) in which the underlined words have been used correctly: 1. Among those who had applied for the job I found four candidates to be outstanding. 2. Amidst the confusion caused by the melee, the perpetrators slipped away.

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 ✓
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: 'Among' is correctly used for a defined group of people in sentence 1. 'Amidst' is correctly used to mean 'in the middle of' a situation in sentence 2. Both are grammatically and contextually correct.

Q.99 [Grammar — Pronouns/Agreement]

Identify the sentence(s) in which the underlined words have been used correctly: 1. They will soon be applying for the permission. 2. I shall be pleased with the arrangements made by us.

(a) 1 only ✓
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: Sentence 1 is acceptable — 'they will' is the correct form. Sentence 2 is awkward and inconsistent: 'I shall be pleased with the arrangements made by us' mixes first-person singular and plural in a contradictory manner. Only sentence 1 is correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.100 [Grammar — Conjunctions]

Identify the sentence(s) in which the underlined words have been used correctly: 1. You have been frivolous, whereas I have been serious. 2. The difficulties seemed insurmountable; nevertheless, the courage to carry on was undaunted.

(a) 1 only ✓
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: 'Whereas' is correctly used as a conjunction of contrast in sentence 1. Sentence 2 uses 'nevertheless' correctly in structure, but 'the courage... was undaunted' is grammatically odd — courage is not undaunted; a person is. Only sentence 1 is fully correct.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.101 [Vocabulary — Games and Arenas]

Match List I (Game) with List II (Arena): A. Golf — 1. Court B. Cricket — 2. Pitch C. Polo — 3. Course D. Tennis — 4. Ground

(a) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 ✓
(b) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
(c) A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
(d) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

Explanation: Golf is played on a Course (A-3), Cricket on a Pitch (B-2), Polo on a Ground (C-4), and Tennis on a Court (D-1). This matches option (a).

Q.102 [Vocabulary — Animal Sounds]

Match List I (Animal) with List II (Sound): A. Dolphin — 1. Trumpet B. Elephant — 2. Chatter C. Monkey — 3. Chirp D. Cheetah — 4. Click

(a) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
(b) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
(c) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3 ✓
(d) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

Explanation: Dolphins click (A-4), Elephants trumpet (B-1), Monkeys chatter (C-2), and Cheetahs chirp/chirr (D-3). This matches option (c).

Q.103 [Vocabulary — Animal Groupings]

Match List I (Animal) with List II (Grouping): A. Fish — 1. Colony of B. Ducks — 2. Flock of C. Ants — 3. Paddling of D. Crows — 4. School of

(a) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3 ✓
(b) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
(c) A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
(d) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

Explanation: A group of Fish is a School (A-4), Ducks a Flock (B-2), Ants a Colony (C-1), and Crows a Paddling or murder — 'paddling' is used for ducks on water but the best match here given the options is D-3. Option (a): A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3 is correct.

Q.104 [Vocabulary — Collective Nouns]

Match List I (Grouping) with List II (Object): A. Clump of — 1. Clothes B. Bunch of — 2. Firewood C. Stack of — 3. Flowers D. Bundle of — 4. Grass

(a) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 ✓
(b) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
(c) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
(d) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

Explanation: A clump of Grass (A-4), a bunch of Flowers (B-3), a stack of Firewood (C-2), and a bundle of Clothes (D-1). Options (a) and (d) are identical: A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1, which is the correct answer.

Q.105 [Vocabulary — Sports Terminology]

Match List I (Sport) with List II (Related Word): A. Swimming — 1. Touché B. Kho Kho — 2. Butterfly C. Kabaddi — 3. Chaser D. Fencing — 4. Ankle hold

(a) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 ✓
(b) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
(c) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
(d) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

Explanation: Butterfly is a swimming stroke (A-2), Chaser is a role in Kho Kho (B-3), Ankle hold is a Kabaddi technique (C-4), and Touché is a term in Fencing (D-1). This matches option (a).

Q.106 [Grammar — Sentence Combination]

Combine the two sentences into one: 'He was adamant about refusing the honour bestowed upon him. He did not trust the credentials of the organisation that intended to recognise his contribution.' (a) He was adamant about refusing the honour bestowed upon him as because he did not trust the credentials of the organisation that intended to recognise his contribution. (b) He was adamant about refusing the honour bestowed upon him due to he did not trust the credentials of the organisation that intended to recognise his contribution. (c) He was adamant about refusing the honour bestowed upon him since he did not trust the credentials of the organisation that intended to recognise his contribution. (d) He was adamant about refusing the honour bestowed upon him whenever he did not trust the credentials of the organisation that intended to recognise his contribution.

(a) as because he did not trust...
(b) due to he did not trust...
(c) since he did not trust... ✓
(d) whenever he did not trust...

Explanation: 'Since' is the correct causal conjunction here. 'As because' is redundant and non-standard, 'due to' requires a noun (not a clause), and 'whenever' implies condition/time, not cause. Option (c) is grammatically correct.

Q.107 [Grammar — Sentence Combination]

Combine the two sentences into one: 'He undertook the difficult task. He did so albeit the fact that he did not have any spare time.' (a) He undertook the difficult task in spite of the fact that he did not have any spare time. (b) He undertook the difficult task because of the fact that he did not have any spare time. (c) He undertook the difficult task contrary to the fact that he did not have any spare time. (d) He undertook the difficult task nevertheless for the fact that he did not have any spare time.

(a) in spite of the fact that he did not have any spare time ✓
(b) because of the fact that he did not have any spare time
(c) contrary to the fact that he did not have any spare time
(d) nevertheless for the fact that he did not have any spare time

Explanation: 'Albeit' means 'although' or 'in spite of the fact that', so option (a) correctly replaces 'albeit the fact that' with 'in spite of the fact that'. The other options change the meaning or are ungrammatical.

Q.108 [Sentence Combination]

He wrote the exam with the utmost confidence. He was grossly underprepared for the examination. Choose the option that best combines these two sentences.

(a) He wrote the exam with the utmost confidence so he was grossly underprepared for the examination.
(b) He wrote the exam with the utmost confidence for whenever he was grossly underprepared for the examination.
(c) He wrote the exam with the utmost confidence nevertheless he was grossly underprepared for the examination.
(d) He wrote the exam with the utmost confidence although he was grossly underprepared for the examination. ✓

Explanation: The two sentences show a contrast — he was confident despite being underprepared. 'Although' correctly expresses this concessive/contrastive relationship; 'so' implies causation, 'for whenever' is ungrammatical, and 'nevertheless' requires a semicolon or different structure.

Q.109 [Sentence Combination]

He pledged to donate his body parts. He was himself — the beneficiary of organ transplantation. Choose the option that best combines these two sentences.

(a) He pledged to donate his body parts though he was himself the beneficiary of organ transplantation.
(b) He pledged to donate his body parts because he was himself the beneficiary of organ transplantation. ✓
(c) He pledged to donate his body parts if he was himself the beneficiary of organ transplantation.
(d) He pledged to donate his body parts but he was himself the beneficiary of organ transplantation.

Explanation: The fact that he was himself a beneficiary of organ transplantation provides the reason/motivation for his pledge to donate — a causal relationship best expressed by 'because'. Options (a) and (d) imply contrast, while (c) implies an unreal condition.

⚠ Answer needs review

Q.110 [Sentence Combination]

He was adamant to undertake the journey to the hills. He had promised to visit his school. Choose the option that best combines these two sentences.

(a) He was adamant to undertake the journey to the hills for he had promised to visit his school. ✓
(b) He was adamant to undertake the journey to the hills even he had promised to visit his school.
(c) He was adamant to undertake the journey to the hills if he had promised to visit his school.
(d) He was adamant to undertake the journey to the hills forever he had promised to visit his school.

Explanation: His promise to visit his school is the reason for his adamance — a causal relationship expressed by 'for' (meaning 'because'). 'Even he' is ungrammatical, 'if' introduces a condition, and 'forever' changes the meaning entirely.

Q.111 [Word Substitution]

Similar mishaps are continually happening on the new highway because of improper signalling. Identify the most appropriate improvement over the underlined word 'happening'.

(a) manifesting
(b) occurring ✓
(c) repeating
(d) no improvement

Explanation: 'Occurring' is the most precise and natural substitute for 'happening' in this context; 'mishaps occur' is standard idiomatic usage. 'Manifesting' is typically used for symptoms or abstract phenomena, and 'repeating' changes the meaning slightly.

Q.112 [Word Substitution]

The visiting school children circumnavigated around the Dal Lake with visible delight. Identify the most appropriate improvement over the underlined words 'circumnavigated around'.

(a) circumnavigated about
(b) circumnavigated on
(c) circumnavigated ✓
(d) no improvement

Explanation: 'Circumnavigate' already contains the meaning of 'going around', so 'around' is redundant. The correct form is simply 'circumnavigated' without any preposition.

Q.113 [Word Substitution]

The Principal of the school assembled the students and emphasised the importance of discipline in their everyday lives. Identify the most appropriate improvement over the underlined word 'emphasised'.

(a) emphasised on
(b) emphasised over
(c) emphasised upon
(d) no improvement ✓

Explanation: 'Emphasise' is a transitive verb that takes a direct object without a preposition; 'emphasised the importance' is grammatically correct as written. Adding 'on', 'over', or 'upon' would be incorrect usage.

Q.114 [Word Substitution]

The group was accused of biased participation in the discussion because their entire attention was centred around their own proposal. Identify the most appropriate improvement over the underlined words 'centred around'.

(a) centred on ✓
(b) centred in
(c) centred over
(d) no improvement

Explanation: The correct collocation is 'centred on' — attention or focus is centred on something. 'Centred around' is commonly used but considered incorrect in formal/standard English; 'centred on' is the grammatically precise form.

Q.115 [Word Substitution]

He claimed that he was merely an uninterested participant in the negotiation. Identify the most appropriate improvement over the underlined word 'uninterested'.

(a) aninterested
(b) disinterested ✓
(c) auninterested
(d) no improvement

Explanation: 'Disinterested' means impartial or having no personal stake, which fits the context of a negotiation participant who is neutral/unbiased. 'Uninterested' means not interested/bored, which changes the meaning. Options (a) and (c) are not real words.

Q.116 [Voice Change]

Change from Active to Passive voice: Respect your elders

(a) You should respect elders
(b) Elders are respected
(c) Respect the elders
(d) Elders should be respected ✓

Explanation: An imperative sentence in active voice ('Respect your elders') is converted to passive voice using 'should be + past participle', giving 'Elders should be respected'. This is the standard passive transformation for imperatives.

Q.117 [Voice Change]

Change from Active to Passive voice: Shut the door

(a) The door is to be shut
(b) Let the door be shut ✓
(c) The door be shut
(d) No change

Explanation: The passive of an imperative 'Shut the door' is 'Let the door be shut', which is the standard passive construction for imperatives using 'let + object + be + past participle'.

Q.118 [Voice Change]

Change from Passive to Active voice: Sujata was advised by her mother to carry an umbrella while stepping out into the rain

(a) Her mother advised Sujata to carry an umbrella while stepping out into the rain ✓
(b) Sujata advised her mother to carry an umbrella while stepping out into the rain
(c) The mother advised Sujata to carry an umbrella while stepping out into the rain
(d) No change

Explanation: The agent 'her mother' becomes the subject in active voice, and the passive subject 'Sujata' becomes the object. Option (a) correctly preserves 'her mother' (matching the possessive in the original) as the subject.

Q.119 [Voice Change]

Change from Passive to Active voice: He was said to be a good cricketer

(a) They said he is a good cricketer
(b) They said he was a good cricketer ✓
(c) He is a good cricketer
(d) No change

Explanation: The impersonal passive 'He was said to be...' converts to active voice using an indefinite subject 'They'. Since the main verb 'was said' is in past tense, the reported clause must maintain past tense: 'They said he was a good cricketer' (sequence of tenses).

Q.120 [Voice Change]

Change from Passive to Active voice: His hair is being cut by a professional

(a) A professional will be cutting his hair
(b) A professional is cutting his hair ✓
(c) He will be getting a professional haircut
(d) No change

Explanation: The passive 'is being cut' (present continuous) converts to active 'is cutting' (present continuous). The agent 'a professional' becomes the subject and 'his hair' becomes the object, giving 'A professional is cutting his hair'.